RDX2 X  find.cname source function (var,code){  +as.character(na.omit(SOCNAME[var == code])) }žż varū codeūž { as.character na.omit [ SOCNAME ==’’žžžžž sccs8ŗ?š@@@@@@@ @"@$@&@(@*@,@.@0@1@2@3@4@5@6@7@8@9@:@;@<@=@>@?@@@@€@A@A€@B@B€@C@C€@D@D€@E@E€@F@F€@G@G€@H@H€@I@I€@J@J€@K@K€@L@L€@M@M€@N@N€@O@O€@P@P@@P€@PĄ@Q@Q@@Q€@QĄ@R@R@@R€@RĄ@S@S@@S€@SĄ@T@T@@T€@TĄ@U@U@@U€@UĄ@V@V@@V€@VĄ@W@W@@W€@WĄ@X@X@@X€@XĄ@Y@Y@@Y€@YĄ@Z@Z@@Z€@ZĄ@[@[@@[€@[Ą@\@\@@\€@\Ą@]@]@@]€@]Ą@^@^@@^€@^Ą@_@_@@_€@_Ą@`@` @`@@``@`€@` @`Ą@`ą@a@a @a@@a`@a€@a @aĄ@aą@b@b @b@@b`@b€@b @bĄ@bą@c@c @c@@c`@c€@c @cĄ@cą@d@d @d@@d`@d€@d @dĄ@dą@e@e @e@@e`@e€@e @eĄ@eą@f@f @f@@f`@f€@f @fĄ@fą@g@g @g@ŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ€€€ levels > 50% of Food < 50% of food/more local source < 50% of Food/less local source < 10% of Food Salt & Minerals only No Food Imports No Trade class factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 3 or 4 of above Middlemen Local markets Indirect exchanges Direct exchanges ’ factorž ŗ ’ Primarily agricultural < 50% > single source < 50% < single source < 10% Non-Food Crops None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Cereals Roots Tree or Vine Vegetables Non-Food ’ factorž ŗ ’ > 50% < 50% chiefly honey < 50% chiefly dairy < 50% chiefly meat < 10% Food Supply Present, not food source None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€ ’ Bovines Camels Reindeer Equines Ovides Pigs Small Species ’ factorž ŗ€€ ’ > 50% < 50% > single source < 50% < single source < 10% Food Supply None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 2 or more of above Large aquatic animals True Fish Shellfish ’ factoržŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ€€€€ ’ > 50% < 50% > single source < 50% < single source < 10% Food Supply Not food source None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Two or more of above Large Game Small Mammals Birds or Waterfowl ’ factorž ŗ€€€€ ’ > 50% D < 50% > single source I < 50% < single source S < 10% Food Supply U Not food source O None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ v 2 or more of above #s Wild Fruit, seeds, nuts, berries r Wild Roots or Tubers p Tree Pith, e.g. Sago h Wild Herbs, Leaves, Blossoms a Wild Animals products ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ Motorized vehicles Animal Drawn Wheeled vehicles Draft Animals Pack Animals Human Carriers, tumpline ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€ ’ Paved Roads Unpaved roads/wheeled vehicles Improved Trails/porters/animal Unimproved Trails ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€ ’ Motorized craft Sail powered crafts Human powered crafts Floats or rafts None, but feasible Not feasible ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Large >40 people/load Medium >10 people/load Small <10 people/load None ’ factorž ŗ€€€ ’ !Indigenous coinage/paper currency Foreign coinage/paper currency Tokens of conventional value Domestically usable articles No media of exchange or money ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Banks or comparable institutions External money Internal money Personal loans/friends/relatives ’ factorž ŗ                                       ’ Imported Food/adequate Imported food/barely adequate Annual variation/adequate Annual variation/adequate Annual variation/barely adequate Seasonal variation/adequate Seasonal variation/adequate "Seasonal variation/barely adequate Daily Variation, complex Daily Variation, simple Daily Variation, none Year-round foos supply, complex Year-round food supply, simple Year-round food supply, none ’ factorž ŗ€€€€ ’ Economic agent controlled Political agent controlled Communal facilities Individual households None ’ factorž ŗ ’ Complez or> adequate Simple or adequate None or barely adequate ’ factorž ŗ ’ Imported food supply Annual variation seasonal variation daily variation in food supply year-round food supply locally ’ factoržŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’  Mo & Fa same bed w/infant Mo same bed/Fa same room Mo same bed/Fa not specified Mo same bed/Fa different room $Mo, Fa same room/ beds not specified Mo same room/Fa different bed Mo same room/Fa unspecified Mo same room/Fa different room Mo & Fa/different room ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Often Bound/Cradle Board Movement limited/swaddling Limited Space/bed/hammock Loose confinement/tether/playpen None except emergency ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Often Bound/cradle board Movement limited/swaddling limited space/bed/hammock Loose confinement/tether/playpen None except emergency ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Almost constantly >1/2 time Up to 1/2 Occasionally %Limited to routine/precautionary care ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Almost constantly > 1/2 time Up to 1/2 Occasionally %Limited to routine/precautionary care ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Rigid Cradleboard Basket Sling or pouch None/clothing/blanket None, skin contact ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Other Front Side Back ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Toward Carrier Away from carrier ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Always speedy Generally speedy Speedy but inconsistent Slow/perfunctory nurturant Indifferent/punitive ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ frequent/prolonged frequent/short Infrequent/prolonged Infrequent/short Very Infrequent/brief ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ very painful Frequent pain $Frequent mild pain/infrequent severe Occasional mild pain Only neonatally/very mild pain Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ > 2 years 2 years or < 1 year or < 6 months or < 1 month or< None %Intercourse expected soon after birth ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€ ’ Prominent Two or more ceremonies One occasion at later age Only in first 2 months None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€ ’ !Exaggerated, neonatally and later Moderate, neonatally and later Slight, neonatally and later "Only neonatal period, e.g. couvade None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ !Variety of exceptional techniques %Some exceptional techniques/medicines Moderate, e.g. regular bath Slight No Special effort ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ After 12 months '7-12 months, only liquids/premasticated 7-12 months, including solids 1-6 months Before 1 Month ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ < 6months and severe < 6 months and gentle >6 months and severe >6 months and gentle >1 year and severe >1 year and gentle >2 years and severe >2 years and gentle ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ #Strong encouragement and assistance !Definite but inconsistent rewards %No active assistance, attention given Ignore Development &Discourage or punish early development ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ < 2 years and abrupt '2-4 years and gradual/< 2 yrs & gradual 2-4 years and gradual >4 years and abrupt >4 years and gradual ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ <6 months >6 months >1 year >18 Months 3-5 yeas None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ After Birth < 6 months >1 year Late Very Late Even adults uncovered ’ factorž ŗ   €€€ €  €€€   €€ €€€€€€€ €€  €€  €€€€€ € €€€€  ’  61-72 months 49-60 43-48 37-42 31-36 25-30 21-24 13-20 Months up to 12 Months ’ factorž ŗ  €€€€€€€  €€€€€€€€€ €€ €€ €€€€€€€€€€ ’  61-72 months 49-60 43-48 37-42 31-36 25-30 21-24 13-20 months up to 12 Months ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5th 4th 3rd 2nd $1st in onset (among variables 46-50) ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Mother minimal except nursing Mother minor but significant Mother < 1/2 care )Principally mother, others impotant roles %Pricipally mother, others minor roles Almost exclusively mother ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ exclusively others Primarily others Mother <1/2 care )Principally mother, other important roles Almost exclusively mother ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Regularly close Frequently close Occasionally close Rarely close Distant ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Regularly close Frequently close Occasionally close Rarely close Distant ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ others, both sexes others, female adult family, both sexes adult family, unspecified adult family, females children, both sexes children, unspecified children, females ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ adults, both sexes adults, single sex older children, both sexes older children, unspecified older children, single sex peer group, both sexes peer group, unspecified peer group, single sex ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Highly affectionate Greater Occasional indulgence Lesser severity Severe or neglectful ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ High in catagory Medium in category Low in category ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Consistent leniency Greater leniency Occasional severity Less Severity Severe ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ High in Category Medium in catagory Low in category ’ factoržŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ ’ Permanent Impermanent-periodically moved (Semisedentary-fixed core, some migratory Rotating among 2+ fixed Seminomadic-fixed then migratory Migratory ’ factorž ŗ ’ %Partially dispersed with central core "Spatially separated subsettlements Dispersed Compact ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ > 50,000 5,000-49,999 1,000-4,999 400-999 200-399 100-199 50-99 < 50 ’ factorž ŗ€€ ’ over 500 persons / sq. mile 101-500 persons / sq. mile 26-100 persons / sq. mile 1-25 persons / sq. mile 1-5 persons / sq. mile 1 person / 1-5 sq. mile < 1 person / 5 sq. mile ’ factorž ŗ                       ’ Miscellaneous Semisubterranean Tents Caves or rock shelters Flat roofs $Rectangular on ground, mineral walls Rectangular on piles -Rectangular on ground, vegetal material walls Cone-cylinder Semicylindrical Wedge-shape roof Dome or hemispherical Beehive Conical ’ factorž ŗ ’ Economic or industrial buildings Military structure(s) #Religious or ceremonial building(s) Secular or public building(s) %Residences of influential individuals None ’ factorž ŗ ’ 0Multi-dwelling households, individuals (married) ,Multi-dwelling households, husbands separate *Multi-dwelling households, husband rotates 'Multi-dwelling households, married pair Family homestead Single family dwellings Multi-family dwellings Large communal structures ’ factorž ŗ                                        ’  Large extended, >20% polygyny Large extended, <20% polygyny Large extended, monogamy >20% polygyny Small extended, <20 % polygamy Small extended, monogamy Stem family, < 20 % polygyny S Stem family, monogamy Polyandruos Polygynous, > 20% Monogamous, <20% polygyny Monogamous, no polygyny ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ Neolocal-separate from kin +Ambilocal-w/ either wife's or husband's kin Patrilocal or virilocal .Avunculocal-w/husband's mother's brother's kin (Matrilocal or uxorilocal-with wife's kin ’ factorž ŗ ’ $Bilateral- not a corporate kin group 1Ambilineal- through one parent in each generation Patrilineal-through male line ,Double descent-through male and female lines Matrilineal-through female line ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ (Dispersed sibs- in different communities (Clan communities -core group and spouses "Localized lineages->1per community None-Bilateral ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ Local endogamy 0-10% (exogamy) Local endogamy 11-39 % (agamous) Local endogamy 40-60% (agamous) Local endogamy 61-89% (agamous) Local endogamy 90-100% ’ factorž ŗ ’ Common religious ties Common political ties Common social or economic status Overlapping kin ties $Common Identity, dialect, subculture By common residence only Lacking/low compared to segments ’ factorž ŗ ’ ,Individual sponsored and communally attended Magical or religious Calendrical Rites of Passage ’ factorž ŗ ’ Masochistic behavior Human sacrifice Sacrafice other than human Entertainment Exchange other than food Feasting and/or drinking ’ factorž ŗ ’ Too complex to be coded $Single local leader and subordinates Local councils Single local leader and council Dual/plural headmen Single local leader Higher level only No centralized local leadership ’ factorž ŗ   €   €  €       ’  (L Hereditary w/ personal qualifications Matrilineal Patrilineal R Electoral Process I Informal Consensus D Divination S Seniority A By appointment O No headmen or council ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Patrilineal Electoral process Informal consensus Divination Seniority By appointment No headman or council ’ factorž ŗ ’ Polygyny >20% plural wives Polygyny < 20% plural wives Monogamy Polyandry-primarily monogamous ’ factorž ŗ ’ Large extended Small extended Stem Family Nuclear Poygynous Nuclear Monogamous ’ factoržŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ€€ ’ Fully autonomous #Equal status in pluralistic society De Facto Autonomy Tribute paid Semi-autonomous Dependent totally ’ factorž ŗ€€ ’ Increasing autonomy )State of equilibrium, expanding territory State of equilibrium )Declining territory or population control Declining Autonomy ’ factorž ŗ€€ ’ ,Sovereignty 3rd or higher hierarchical level %Sovereignty 2nd hierarchical level up %Sovereignty 1st hierarchical level up Stateless society ’ factorž ŗ€€€ ’ International organization Confederation Alliances Peace group Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€ ’ Single leader Plural executive Executive and Council Council Absent ’ factorž ŗ         € €  € € €     €  €                ’  Divination Appointee of alien society Formal elections Informal recognition Elected by council Decision by limited power group Ruling Family Matrilineal, MoBr to MoBr Matrilineal, MoBr to SiSo #Patrilineal, Fa to faBr, then to So Patrilineal, Fa to So Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€ ’ Elective By ethnic components Appointed Aristocrats Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€ ’ Subordinate functionaries Hereditary Subordinate groups Secret society Favorites of executive Relatives of executive Absent Absence of sovereignty ’ factorž ŗ€€€ ’ Hereditary Priesthood Appointed by executive Executive Not local Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€ ’ Specialized Military Retainers of chiefs Incipient specialization Not specialized ’ factorž ŗ€€€ ’ Part of centralized system *Heads of centralized territorial divisions ,Heads of decentralized territorial divisions Heads of kin groups Popular Assemblies Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€ ’ Appointment by executive Formal election Personal qualities Seniority of age Ruling lineage Matrilineal succession Patrlineal succession Absent ’ factorž ŗ         €   €        €                  ’  Priestly services Capitalistic enterprises Foreign Commerce Political Office Large land-holdings Contributions of free citizens Slaves Tribute or taxes Warfare wealth Direct subsistence production  ’ factorž ŗ€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’  Priestly services Capitalistic enterprises Foreign Commerce Political Office Large land-holdings Contributions of free citizens Slaves Tribute or taxes Warfare wealth ’ factorž ŗ€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ € €€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’  Priestly services Capitalistic enterprises Foreign Commerce Political Office Large land-holdings Contributions of free citizens Slaves Tribute or taxes Warfare wealth ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’  Priestly services Capitalistic enterprises Foreign Commerce Political Office Large land-holdings Contributions of free citizens Slaves Tribute or taxes Warfare wealth ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’  Priestly services Capitalistic enterprises Foreign Commerce Political Office Large land-holdings Contributions of free citizens Slaves Tribute or taxes Warfare wealth ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’  Priestly services Capitalistic enterprises Foreign Commerce Political Office Large land-holdings Contributions of free citizens Slaves Tribute or taxes Warfare wealth ’ factoržŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž 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Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factoržŗ@T@@H€@Y@S@U@@N€@X@Q@K@PĄ@V@@W@R@@Y€@V€@U@@P@@PĄ@PĄ@SĄ@T€@Y@R@@S€@R@R@RĄ@U@@Y@@W@@R@@V@W€@T@@T@@Q€@U€@I€@V€@X@V@QĄ@Q@@Q@@K€@TĄ@S@WĄ@L€@P@@S€@F€@T€@T@@O@P@@S€@L€@R@@QĄ@A@PĄ@U€@K@R@O@K€@U@PĄ@W@N€@QĄ@S@@PĄ@M@Q@@Q@L€@Q@@N€@T@@U@@SĄ@N€@VĄ@H€@U€@R@@PĄ@PĄ@I@RĄ@S@S€@V@@P@O€@S€@U@K@P@R€@U@@J€@RĄ@J€@S@Q@@UĄ@QĄ@Q€@Q@@F€@R@V€@T@^@@T@@H@T@VĄ@T€@PĄ@R€@T@O@S@U€@M€@Y@@H€@ZĄ@R€@F@E€@P@@UĄ@S@U€@Y€@\Ą@W€@]€@XĄ@V@P@@WĄ@WĄ@V€@T@@VĄ@S@R@@H€@Z@@P@@U@@[@@Q@W@SĄ@M€@M@R@S€@T€@R@@T€@RĄ@SĄ@U@SĄ@Q€@QĄ@T@@T€@K€@L€@H€@U€@Y€@R€@[€@P@U€ŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan ŗ@@žx@$@°@ˆ@ž@¤@ž8@ž(@ž@ž@L@žx@ž(@ž<@ž@ž<@ˆ@œ@žd@žx@ø@ž8@žP@ž|@°@Ų@Ä@`@ž(@Ų@žL@Ä@°@ž<@°@ž„@œü@°@žx@°@ž@žxĄƒhĄ›X@ä@žx@Ų@[€@ž8@ž0@žx@˜@žŒ@`@œĢ@ž|@ž˜@žx@žH@°@žP@žd@ž8@t@ž@Ų@žD@žŒ@ž(@ž“@žP@ž(@žØ@”0@žŒ@ž@8@@@ž@ž˜@žˆ@ž˜@žx@ž¬@Ų@°@žH@ž$@ @ž@ž @žŒ@ž @žD@ž(@č@žL@ž(@ž„@œĄ@œŌ@œp@œ @œ”@ˆ@°@žl@Ų@žl@Ų@ž(@ž@@ģ@žl@žx@`@ˆ@œč@°@t@œ @ģ@Ų@™Č@ž(@žP@°@ˆ@L@`@@œč@œč@œč@8@@ˆ@`@œ°@,@@™ˆ@œ @šŲ@8@8@`@ų@Ų@ˆ@—Ą@žP@ž(@ž@ō@ž@žl@ž<@™Č@ž<@ž“@ž0@ž @œč@žL@Š@ž@ž @—č@žP@žX@žP@žH@ģ@˜8@p@ž˜@ž0@ˆ@„@›X@žx@8@$ ŗ ’ True writing, records True writing; no records Nonwritten records Mnemonic devices None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Sedentary Sedentary; impermanent Seminomadic Nomadic ’ factorž ŗ ’ Primary; intensive Primary; not intensive 10 %; secondary 10% food supply None ’ factorž ŗ ’ 1000 persons 400-999 persons 200-399 persons 100-199 persons fewer than 100 persons ’ factorž ŗ ’ Smiths, weavers, potters Metalwork only Loom weaving only Pottery only None ’ factorž ŗ ’ Automotive vehicles Animal-drawn vehicles Draft Animals Pack Animals Human only ’ factorž ŗ ’ True money Elementary forms Alien currency Domestically usable particles None ’ factorž ŗ ’ 100 persons / sq. mile 26-100 persons / sq. mile 5.1-25 persons/ sq. mile 1-5 persons / sq. mile < 1 person / sq. mile ’ factorž ŗ ’ 3 levels above community 2 levels above community 1 level above community Autonomous local communities None ’ factorž ŗ ’ /3 social classes or castes, w/ or w/out slavery 2 social classes, castes/slavery #2 social classes, no castes/slavery Hereditary slavery Egalitarian ’ factoržŗ@2@(@>@>@@@>@<@<@$@=@=@B€@$@>@=@=@A@D@A@@@C€@C@@@B@0@E€@;@?@B€@<@@@9@A€@3@A@<@E@;@A@5@:@E@G€@G@H€@7@H@B@H€@G€@G€@2@2@H@B@E€@E€@9@F€@;@3@?@I@@€@>@@@A€@@@?@?@H@3@G€@=@G@I@(@;@,@0@;@F€@H€@H@7@.@<@?@>@(@*@4@6@=@<@:@:@:@;@<@7@@@:@8@;@<@=@=@<@@@=@?@;@I@B@H@I@1@3@1@2@3@5@0@.@1@4@2@,@0@7@6@6@2@6@5@,@,@2@2@8@9@9@<@=@@@1@.@A€@4@;@<@F@=@A€@;@7@@€@4@F€@:@0@2@2@:@5@4@8@2@2@B@A@,@0@4@7@8@&@.@&@0@2@3@@€@0@&ŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Never Only with intimates Except w/ certain people Except w/ children Adults & adults talk explicitly ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Abstinence admired Moderation Abstinence at times No abstinence ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Always Only sexual secretions Only unusual practices With specific categories Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Absent Minimal Present ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ At birth Toddler Toddler to puberty Puberty Adulthood Never ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ At birth Toddler Toddler to puberty Puberty Adulthood Never ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Strongly disapproved Disallowed Moderately disapproved Mildly disapproved Tolerated Expected ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Uncommon Occasional Moderate Universal ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Uncommon Occasional Moderate Universal ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Men always Men more than women Both equally Women more than men Women always ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 'Single standard- both condemn edequally /Double standard- both forbidden, women punished Double standard- husband only Single standard- both allowed ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Uncommon Occasional Moderate Universal ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Uncommon Occasional Moderate Universal ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ None Aside from sex gratification For husband's economic benefit "Occasionally for sex gratification Vis-a-vis specific man Vis-a-vis specific group men For any reason ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Strongly disapproved Mildly disapproved Ridiculed Accepted/ignored ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Common Rare Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Men foward; hostile typically !Men forward; hostile occasionally Men forward physically Men forward verbally &Men sexually forward but not diffident Men diffident, shy ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Strongly disapproved Mildly disapproved Ridiculed, no punishment None Accepted/ignored ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Present Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Concern No concern ’ factoržŗ Nama  Kung  Thong  Lozi  Mbund  Suku  Bemba  Nyaky  Hadza  Lugur  Kikuy  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkund  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashan  Mende  Wolof  Bamba  Talle  Songh  Pasto  Hausa  Massa  Azand  Fur (  Otoro  Shill  Mao  Kaffa  Masai  Konso  Somal  Amhar  Bogo  Kenuz  Teda  Tuare  Riffi  Egypt  Hebre  Babyl  Rwala  Turks  Gheg  Roman  Basqu  Irish  Lapps  Yurak  Russi  Abkha  Armen  Kurd  Basse  Punja  Gond  Toda  Santa  Uttar  Burus  Kazak  Khalk  Lolo  Lepch  Garo  Lakhe  Burme  Lamet  Vietn  Rhade  Khmer  Siame  Seman  Nicob  Andam  Vedda  Tanal  Negri  Javan  Balin  Iban  Badja  Torad  Tobel  Alore  Tiwi  Arand  Oroka  Kimam  Kapau  Kwoma  Manus  New I  Trobr  Siuai  Tikop  Pente  Mbau  Ajie  Maori  Marqu  Weste  Gilbe  Marsh  Truke  Yapes  Palau  Ifuga  Ataya  Chine  Manch  Korea  Japan  Ainu  Gilya  Yukag  Chukc  Ingal  Aleut  Coppe  Monta  Micma  Sault  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bella  Twana  Yurok  Pomo  Yokut  Paiut  Klama  Kuten  Gros  Hidat  Pawne  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natch  Coman  Chiri  Zuni  Havas  Papag  Huich  Aztec  Popol  Quich  Miski  Bribr  Cuna  Goaji  Haiti  Calli  Warra  Yanom  Carib  Saram  Mundu  Cubeo  Cayap  Jivar  Amahu  Inca  Aymar  Sirio  Nambi  Truma  Timbi  Tupin  Botoc  Shava  Aweik  Cayua  Lengu  Abipo  Mapuc  Tehue  Yahga  ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Max (pole) Min (equator) ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€ ’ South North ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Max (mid-Pacific Meridian) .Min (Greenwich Meridian passes through London) ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€ ’ West East ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Max Min ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Max (1970) Min (1900) ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Max (1973) Min (1900) ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Max Min ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Max Min ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Max Min ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Max Min ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Max Min ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Max Min ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Max Min ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Max Min ’ factorž ŗ€ € €  €   € €       ’  Dec Nov Oct Sept Aug July June May Apr March Feb Jan ’ factorž ŗ  €   €    €   €     €   €                ’  Dec Nov Oct Sept Aug July June May Apr March Feb Jan ’ factorž ŗ €   €          € €          ’  12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 None ’ factorž ŗ €   €  €   €    €  €    ’  Dec Nov Oct Sept Aug July June May Apr March Feb Jan ’ factorž ŗ €  €   €   €    €   €            ’  Dec Nov Oct Sept Aug July June May Apr March Feb Jan ’ factorž ŗ € €  € €          ’  12 11 10 9 8 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 None ’ factoržŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ ’ South America North America Insular Pacific East Eurasia Circum-Mediterranean Africa ’ factoržŗ?š?š@@@@@@?š@@@?š@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@"@"@@"@"@"?š?š?š?š?š@@@@@@"@@@@@@@ @"@"@"?š?š@@@@@@@@@@"@"@"@ @ @ @ @@@?š@@@@@@@@@@@@@@"@ @ @ @"@@@@@?š?š@@@@@@@@?š?š?š?š?š?š?š?š@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ @@"@"?š?š?š?š@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@"@"@ @ @@@ŗ@?š@@@@@@@"@@@@@?š@?š@@@?š@@@@@"@@@@@?š@@@?š@@"@@@@@@?š@@ @@@?š@?š@@@@?š?š@?š@@@?š@@?š@@@"@@?š@@@@@?š@@@@?š@"@ ?š@@"@@?š@@@@@@?š@@@@?š@?š@@?š@@?š@@@ @"@@?š@@@@?š@"@@@ @@@ @?š@@@?š@@@?š@@@@@@@@"@?š@@"?š?š@"@@?š@@@@ ?š@?š@@@@ @?š@@"@@@?š ŗ                            ’  86-100% Dependence 76-85% 66-75% 56-65% 46-55% 36-45% 26-35% 16-25% 6-15% 0-5% Dependence ’ factorž ŗ                              ’  86-100% Dependence 76-85% 66-75% 56-65% 46-55% 36-45% 26-35% 16-25% 6-15% 0-5% Dependence ’ factorž ŗ                            ’  86-100% Dependence 76-85% 66-75% 56-65% 46-55% 36-45% 26-35% 16-25% 6-15% 0-5% Dependence ’ factorž ŗ                      ’  86-100% Dependence 76-85% 66-75% 56-65% 46-55% 36-45% 26-35% 16-25% 6-15% 0-5% Dependence ’ factorž ŗ                          ’  86-100% Dependence 76-85% 66-75% 56-65% 46-55% 36-45% 26-35% 16-25% 6-15% 0-5% Dependence ’ factorž ŗ ’ Dowry Absence of Consideration #Sister or Female Relative Exchanged Gift Exchange Token Bride-price Bride-Service Bride-Price ’ factorž ŗ ’ No Alternative Dowry Absence of Consideration #Sister or Female Relative Exchanged Gift Exchange Token Bride-price Bride-Service Bride-Price ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Small extended families Minimal extended families Polygynous: Usual Co-wife  Polygynous: Unusual Co-wives  Polyandrous Families $Nuclear Family, Occasional Polygyny Nuclear Family, Monogamous ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ Extended Family Independ Polyandrous Families %Non-Sororal, Cowives in Same Dwelling 'Non-Sororal, Cowives in Separ Dwellings +Prefer. Sororal, Cowives in Separ. Dwelling )Prefer. Sororal, Cowives in Same Dwelling !Independ. Nuclear, Occas Polygyny Independ. Nuclear, Mongamous ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ Polyandry, or no extended family .Non-sororal polygyny, cowives in same dwelling &Non-sororal, cowives separate dwelling )Prefer sororal, cowives in separ dwelling (Prefer sororal, cowives in same dwelling Occas or limited Polygyny Monogamy ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ Same as Prevalent Residence !Virilocal: with Husband's Parents Uxorilocal: with Wife's Parents Nonestablishment of household Ambilocal ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ same as prevalent residence no common residence husband to wife's group either group, Neolocal wife to husband's group ’ factorž ŗ              € ’  Neolocal: independent of kin /Patrilocal: with husband's unilineal kin groups !Virilocal: with husband's parents )Optional avuncu-, viri-, or patrilocality ,Avunculocal: with husband's mother's brother Bilocal: with either kin group Optional avuncu- or uxori-local Uxorilocal: with wife's parents +Matrilocal: with wife's unileneal kin group $Nonestablishment of common household ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ No common residence husband to wife's group either group, Neolocal wife to husband's group ’ factorž ŗ                      € ’  Same as prevalent residence Neolocal: independent of kin .Patrilocal: with husband's unilineal kin group !Virilocal: with husband's parents *Optional avuncu-, viri-, or patri-locality *Avunculocal: with husband's mother brother Bilocal: with either kin group Optional avuncu- or uxori-local Uxrilocal: with wife's parents +Matrilocal: with wife's unilineal kin group Nonestablishment of Household ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ Same as Prevalent Residence Husband to Wife's Group Couple to either Group, Neolocal Wife to Husband's Group ’ factorž ŗ€€€€ ’ Clan communities (Segmented communities with local Exogamy Exogamous communities Agamous communities +segmented communities without local Exogamy Demes ’ factorž ŗ€€€€ ’ No secondary Organization Clan communities (Segmented communities with local Exogamy Exogamous communities Agamous communities +Segmented communities without local Exogamy Demes ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ Moieties Phratries Sibs Lineages in single community "Patrilineal exogamy, no kin groups none ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ No difference Moieties Phratries Sibs Lineages in single community "Patrilineal exogamy, on kin groups none ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ Moieties Phratries Sibs Lineages in single community "Patrilineal exogamy, no kin groups None ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ no difference Moieties Phratries Sibs Lineages in single community "Patrilineal exogamy, no kin groups none ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ Unilineal descent groups ,Quasi-lineages: filiation based, not descent Exogamous ramages ,Ramages: ancestor oriented ambilineal groups (Ambilineal descent: lacking true ramages +Kindreds: ego-oriented bilateral kin groups Bilateral descent ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ No secondary cognatic group ,Quasi-lineages: filiation based, not descent Exogamous ramages ,Ramages: ancestor oriented ambilineal groups (Ambilineal descent: lacking true ramages +Kindreds: ego-oriented bilateral kin groups Bilateral descent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ No first or second cousins No first, unknown for second &First and some second cousins excluded No first cousins One of four cousins Two of four cousins Three of four cousins All four cousins ’ factorž ŗ€€ €  € €€€ €€ €  €€ ’  &No preferential or prescriptive unions No first or second cousins No first, unknown for second &First and some second cousins excluded No first cousins One of four cousins Two of four cousins Three of four cousins All four cousins ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ MoBrDa Maternal Aunt's Da Other Uncle's Da Paternal FaSiDa ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ &No preferential of prescriptive unions MoBrDa Maternal Aunt's Da Other Uncle's Da Paternal FaSiDa ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 'Hawaiian: Siblings plus cousins equated Eskimo: cousins vs. siblings 1Crow: generational merging; MoBrCh down: FaSch up 2Omaha: generational merging; MoBrCh up; FaSCh down Mixed or deviant 1Iroquois: cross cousins vs. parallel are siblings -Sudanese: siblings cross and parallel cousins Descriptive terms ’ factoržŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ ’ Intensive irrigated agriculture Intensive agriculture Horticulture !Extensive or shifting agriculture 3Casual agriculture, incidental to other subsistence No agriculture ’ factorž ŗ ’ Cereal grains Roots or tubers Tree fruits Vegetables Non-food crops only None or none specified ’ factorž ŗ ’ Complex settlements ,Compact and relatively permanent settlements -Seperated hamlets, forming a single community ,Neighborhoods of dispersed family homesteads #Compact but impermanent settlements Semisedentary Seminomadic Nomadic or fully migratory ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ &One or more cities of more than 50,000 !One or more towns of 5,000-50,000 (1,000 without any town of more than 5000 400-1000 200-399 100-199 50-99 Fewer than 50 ’ factorž ŗ ’ Four levels Three levels Two levels ’ factorž ŗ€€ ’ Four levels Three levels Two levels One level No levels ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ ,Present, active, and specifically supportive #Present and active in human affairs (Present but not active in human affairs Absent or not reported ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ All Chance and strategy Skill and strategy Skill and chance Strategy only Chance only Physical skill only None of the three types ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ More than 2 years More than 1 year to 2 years 6 months to 1 year 1 t 6 months No longer than 1 month None ’ factorž ŗ           €   €       €   ’  Normal age unclear After 50 years 25 to 50 years 16 to 25 years 11 to 15 years 6 to 10 years 2 to 5 years 2 months to 2 years #within first two months after birth Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Complete, with peers  Complete, with non-relatives /Complete, with relatives outside nuclear family Partial Absence ’ factorž ŗ ’ Prior to contract Not aboriginal Absent ’ factorž ŗ ’ Bovine animals Camels, alpacas, or llamas Deer Equine animals 2Sheep and/or goats without larger domestic animals $Pigs th eonly large domestic animals 1Absence or near absence of large domestic animals ’ factorž ŗ ’ #Milked more often than sporadically 1Little or no milking, or insufficient information ’ factorž ŗ ’ &Two or more sources contribute equally &Intensive agriculture contributes most &Extensive agriculture contributes most #Casual agriculture contributes most Pastoral contributes most Hunting contributes most Fishing contributes most Gathering contributes most ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ Mixed Bilateral Ambilineal Quasi-lineages Matrilineal Duolateral Patrilineal ’ factorž ŗ      €      €       € €€  €     ’  Activity absent or unimportant (Activity present: sex partic unspecified &Gender irrelevant, esp. industrialized Females alone or almost alone Females appreciably more *Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 'Differentiation but equal participation males appreciably more Males alone or almost alone ’ factorž ŗ€    €€ €  €€ €€€  € €   €  ’  Activity absent or unimportant (Activity present: sex partic unspecified &Gender irrelevant, esp. industrialized Females alone or almost alone Females appreciably more *Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 'Differentiation but equal participation males appreciably more Males alone or almost alone ’ factorž ŗ  €€ €€  €€€  €€   €€€ €€€€  €€€ €€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€ €  €€€ €€€€ €€€€ ’  Activity absent or unimportant (Activity present: sex partic unspecified &Gender irrelevant, esp. industrialized Females alone or almost alone Females appreciably more *Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 'Differentiation but equal participation males appreciably more Males alone or almost alone ’ factorž ŗ€ € €€ €€€€€  €€€€€ €  € ’  Activity absent or unimportant (Activity present: sex partic unspecified &Gender irrelevant, esp. industrialized Females alone or almost alone Females appreciably more *Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 'Differentiation but equal participation males appreciably more Males alone or almost alone ’ factorž ŗ € €  €€  €€ € €€€€   €€ €€€ €     €    € €€€ €   € €€          ’  Activity absent or unimportant (Activity present: sex partic unspecified &Gender irrelevant, esp. industrialized Females alone or almost alone Females appreciably more *Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 'Differentiation but equal participation males appreciably more Males alone or almost alone ’ factorž ŗ      €€ € € €€ €€  €€ €          €  €€ €€€  € €   € €  €€  € €  €€€ € € €  € €  €€€ ’  !A Activity absent or unimportant (Activity present: sex partic unspecified &Gender irrelevant, esp. industrialized Females alone or almost alone Females appreciably more *Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 'Differentiation but equal participation males appreciably more Males alone or almost alone ’ factorž ŗ€€€ ’ 5Task absent or age/occupational specialization absent Industrialized specialization Craft specialization (Senior age specialization (beyond prime) *Junior age specialization (before puberty) ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5Task absent or age/occupational specialization absent Industrialized specialization Craft specialization (Senior age specialization (beyond prime) *Junior age specialization (before puberty) ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5Task absent or age/occupational specialization absent Industrialized specialization Craft specialization (Senior age specialization (beyond prime) *Junior age specialization (before puberty) ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5Task absent or age/occupational specialization absent Industrialized specialization Craft specialization (Senior age specialization (beyond prime) *Junior age specialization (before puberty) ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5Task absent or age/occupational specialization absent Industrialized specialization Craft specialization (Senior age specialization (beyond prime) *Junior age specialization (before puberty) ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5Task absent or age/occupational specialization absent Industrialized specialization Craft specialization (Senior age specialization (beyond prime) *Junior age specialization (before puberty) ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€ € €€€€€ ’  Activity absent or unimportant (Activity present: sex partic unspecified &Gender irrelevant, esp. industrialized Females alone or almost alone Females appreciably more *Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 'Differentiation but equal participation males appreciably more Males alone or almost alone ’ factorž ŗ €    €  €    €     €€  €     ’  Activity absent or unimportant (Activity present: sex partic unspecified &Gender irrelevant, esp. industrialized Females alone or almost alone Females appreciably more *Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 'Differentiation but equal participation males appreciably more Males alone or almost alone ’ factorž ŗ  €     €€  €  € €        €€€     €  €€           € ’  Activity absent or unimportant (Activity present: sex partic unspecified &Gender irrelevant, esp. industrialized Females alone or almost alone Females appreciably more *Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 'Differentiation but equal participation males appreciably more Males alone or almost alone ’ factorž ŗ €€ € € €€ €  € € €     € €€€ € € €€    €€€€ €   ’  Activity absent or unimportant (Activity present: sex partic unspecified &Gender irrelevant, esp. industrialized Females alone or almost alone Females appreciably more *Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 'Differentiation but equal participation males appreciably more Males alone or almost alone ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€ €   € €     €     ’  Activity absent or unimportant (Activity present: sex partic unspecified &Gender irrelevant, esp. industrialized Females alone or almost alone Females appreciably more *Equal partic. w/out marked differentiation 'Differentiation but equal participation males appreciably more Males alone or almost alone ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5Task absent or age/occupational specialization absent Industrialized specialization Craft specialization (Senior age specialization (beyond prime) *Junior age specialization (before puberty) ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€ ’ 5Task absent or age/occupational specialization absent Industrialized specialization Craft specialization (Senior age specialization (beyond prime) *Junior age specialization (before puberty) ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5Task absent or age/occupational specialization absent Industrialized specialization Craft specialization )Senior age specialization (beyond prime)  *Junior age specialization (before puberty) ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5Task absent or age/occupational specialization absent Industrialized specialization Craft specialization (Senior age specialization (beyond prime) *Junior age specialization (before puberty) ’ factoržŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan ŗų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ų¢ ŗ ’ complex dual elite wealth distinctions absence among free men missing data ’ factorž ŗ ’ +no second type or absence of stratification complex dual elite wealth distinctions absence among freemen missing data ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€ ’ complex ethnic stratification despised occupational group(s) absent or insignificant ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€ ’ +no second type of absence of stratification complex ethnic stratification despised occupational group(s) absent or insignificant ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€ ’ #hereditary and socially significant reported but type not identified incipient or nonhereditary absence or near absence ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€ ’ formerly present -absent or no difference from preceding column ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ absence of any such office (nonhereditary through informal consensus 8nonhereditary through election or other formal consensus nonhereditary through influence *nonhereditary on basis of seniority or age nonhereditary matrilineal heir patrilineal heir ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ +nonhereditary or absence of any such office $hereditary by other matrilineal heir hereditary by a sister's son $hereditary by other patrilineal heir hereditary by a son ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ patrilineal other patrilineal heirs children, equally for both sexes 'children, with daughters receiving less other matrilineal heirs matrilineal .absence of individual property rights or rules ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ partilineal other patrilineal heirs children, equally for both sexes 'children, with daughters receiving less other matrilineal heirs matrilineal .absence of individual property rights or rules ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ primogeniture ultimogeniture 'exclusively or predominantly to the one equal or relatively equal ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ primogeniture ultimogeniture 'exclusively or predominantly to the one equal or relatively equal ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ +freely permitted, even if pregnancy results 0trial marriage, promiscuous relations prohibited +allowed, censured only if pregnancy results 1prohibited but weakly censured and not infrequent insistence on virginity early marriage of females ’ factorž ŗ€€€€ ’ 3quadrangular around (if only partially) inner court rectangular or square polygonal 'elliptical or elongated with round ends circular semicircular ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€ ’ .raised substantially on piles, posts, or piers 'elevated slightly or on raised platform floor formed by ground !subterranean or semi-subterranean ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€   € €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€ €€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€ ’  adobe, clay, or dried brick grass, leaves, or other thatch mats, latticework, or wattle felt, cloth, or other fabrics hides or skins bark 8wood, including logs, planks, poles, bamboo, or shingles )palster, mud and dung, or wattle and daub (stone, stucco, concrete, or fired blocks ’ factorž ŗ   € €€€€€€ €  €  € ’  hipped or pyramidal (fourslopes) gabled (two slopes) flat or horizontal shed (one slope) semi-hemisphere conical beehive with pointed peak dome or hemisphere rounded or semi-cylindrical ’ factorž ŗ  €€€ €€€€€  € ’  ice or snow earth or turf %grass. leaves, brush, or other thatch mats felt, cloth, or other fabric hides or skin bark 8wood, including logs, planks, poles, bamboo, or shingles ,palster, clay, mud and dung, wattle and daub 'stone or slate, or tile or fired blocks ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 3quadrangular around (if only partially) inner court retangular or square polygonal )elliptical or elongated with rounded ends circular semicircular ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€ €€€€€€ €€€€€€€ €€€ €€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’  adobe, clay, or dried brick grass, leaves, or other thatch mats, latticework or wattle felt, cloth, or other fabrics hides and skin bark 8wood, including logs, planks, poles, bamboo, or shingles )plaster, mud and dung, or wattle and daub (stone, stucco, concrete, or fired bricks ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’  hipped or pyramidal gabled flat shed semi-hemisphere conical beehive with pointed peak dome or hemisphere rounde or semi-cylindrical ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€ €€€ €€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’  ice or snow earth or turf %grass, leaves, brush, or other thatch mats felt, cloth, or other fabrics hides or skin bark 8wood, including logs, planks, poles, bamboo, or shingles /plaster, clay, mud and dung, or wattle and daub &stone or slate, or tile or fired brick ’ factoržŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ€€€€€€€ ’ Long: 11 or more yrs Medium: 9 yrs old Short: 7 yrs old ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Extremely Strong Inculcation Moderately Strong Inculcation !No Inculcation, or Opposite Trait ’ factoržŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ€€€€€€ ’ Other children; not siblings .Primarily other children, secondarily siblings .Primarily siblings, secondarily other children Siblings; not other children Parents predominantly ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€ ’ Other children; not siblings .Primarily other children, secondarily siblings .Primarily siblings, secondarily other children Siblings; not other children Parents predominantly ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€ ’ Other children; not siblings .Primarily other children, secondarily siblings .Primarily siblings, secondarily other children Siblings; not other children Parents predominantly ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€ ’ Other children; not siblings .Primarily other children, secondarily siblings .Primarily siblings, secondarily other children Siblings; not other children Parents predominantly ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€ ’ Female Exclusively Female Predominantly Both Sexes = Male Predominantly Male Exclusively ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€ ’ Female Exclusively Female Predominantly Both Sexes = Male Predominantly Male Exclusively ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€ ’ Female Exclusively Female Predominantly Both Sexes = Male Predominantly Male Exclusively ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€ ’ Female Exclusively Female Predominantly Both Sexes = Male Predominantly Male Exclusively ’ factorž ŗ€€€€ ’ Exclusively non-parental $More typical & frequent than parents 82 or more categories, at least one of typical & frequent