RDX2 X  find.cname source function (var,code){  +as.character(na.omit(SOCNAME[var == code])) }žż varū codeūž { as.character na.omit [ SOCNAME ==’’žžžžž sccs8ŗ?š@@@@@@@ @"@$@&@(@*@,@.@0@1@2@3@4@5@6@7@8@9@:@;@<@=@>@?@@@@€@A@A€@B@B€@C@C€@D@D€@E@E€@F@F€@G@G€@H@H€@I@I€@J@J€@K@K€@L@L€@M@M€@N@N€@O@O€@P@P@@P€@PĄ@Q@Q@@Q€@QĄ@R@R@@R€@RĄ@S@S@@S€@SĄ@T@T@@T€@TĄ@U@U@@U€@UĄ@V@V@@V€@VĄ@W@W@@W€@WĄ@X@X@@X€@XĄ@Y@Y@@Y€@YĄ@Z@Z@@Z€@ZĄ@[@[@@[€@[Ą@\@\@@\€@\Ą@]@]@@]€@]Ą@^@^@@^€@^Ą@_@_@@_€@_Ą@`@` @`@@``@`€@` @`Ą@`ą@a@a @a@@a`@a€@a @aĄ@aą@b@b @b@@b`@b€@b @bĄ@bą@c@c @c@@c`@c€@c @cĄ@cą@d@d @d@@d`@d€@d @dĄ@dą@e@e @e@@e`@e€@e @eĄ@eą@f@f @f@@f`@f€@f @fĄ@fą@g@g @g@ŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ€€€ levels > 50% of Food < 50% of food/more local source < 50% of Food/less local source < 10% of Food Salt & Minerals only No Food Imports No Trade class factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 3 or 4 of above Middlemen Local markets Indirect exchanges Direct exchanges ’ factorž ŗ ’ Primarily agricultural < 50% > single source < 50% < single source < 10% Non-Food Crops None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Cereals Roots Tree or Vine Vegetables Non-Food ’ factorž ŗ ’ > 50% < 50% chiefly honey < 50% chiefly dairy < 50% chiefly meat < 10% Food Supply Present, not food source None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€ ’ Bovines Camels Reindeer Equines Ovides Pigs Small Species ’ factorž ŗ€€ ’ > 50% < 50% > single source < 50% < single source < 10% Food Supply None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 2 or more of above Large aquatic animals True Fish Shellfish ’ factoržŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ€€€€ ’ > 50% < 50% > single source < 50% < single source < 10% Food Supply Not food source None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Two or more of above Large Game Small Mammals Birds or Waterfowl ’ factorž ŗ€€€€ ’ > 50% D < 50% > single source I < 50% < single source S < 10% Food Supply U Not food source O None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ v 2 or more of above #s Wild Fruit, seeds, nuts, berries r Wild Roots or Tubers p Tree Pith, e.g. Sago h Wild Herbs, Leaves, Blossoms a Wild Animals products ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ Motorized vehicles Animal Drawn Wheeled vehicles Draft Animals Pack Animals Human Carriers, tumpline ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€ ’ Paved Roads Unpaved roads/wheeled vehicles Improved Trails/porters/animal Unimproved Trails ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€ ’ Motorized craft Sail powered crafts Human powered crafts Floats or rafts None, but feasible Not feasible ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Large >40 people/load Medium >10 people/load Small <10 people/load None ’ factorž ŗ€€€ ’ !Indigenous coinage/paper currency Foreign coinage/paper currency Tokens of conventional value Domestically usable articles No media of exchange or money ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Banks or comparable institutions External money Internal money Personal loans/friends/relatives ’ factorž ŗ                                       ’ Imported Food/adequate Imported food/barely adequate Annual variation/adequate Annual variation/adequate Annual variation/barely adequate Seasonal variation/adequate Seasonal variation/adequate "Seasonal variation/barely adequate Daily Variation, complex Daily Variation, simple Daily Variation, none Year-round foos supply, complex Year-round food supply, simple Year-round food supply, none ’ factorž ŗ€€€€ ’ Economic agent controlled Political agent controlled Communal facilities Individual households None ’ factorž ŗ ’ Complez or> adequate Simple or adequate None or barely adequate ’ factorž ŗ ’ Imported food supply Annual variation seasonal variation daily variation in food supply year-round food supply locally ’ factoržŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’  Mo & Fa same bed w/infant Mo same bed/Fa same room Mo same bed/Fa not specified Mo same bed/Fa different room $Mo, Fa same room/ beds not specified Mo same room/Fa different bed Mo same room/Fa unspecified Mo same room/Fa different room Mo & Fa/different room ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Often Bound/Cradle Board Movement limited/swaddling Limited Space/bed/hammock Loose confinement/tether/playpen None except emergency ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Often Bound/cradle board Movement limited/swaddling limited space/bed/hammock Loose confinement/tether/playpen None except emergency ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Almost constantly >1/2 time Up to 1/2 Occasionally %Limited to routine/precautionary care ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Almost constantly > 1/2 time Up to 1/2 Occasionally %Limited to routine/precautionary care ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Rigid Cradleboard Basket Sling or pouch None/clothing/blanket None, skin contact ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Other Front Side Back ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Toward Carrier Away from carrier ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Always speedy Generally speedy Speedy but inconsistent Slow/perfunctory nurturant Indifferent/punitive ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ frequent/prolonged frequent/short Infrequent/prolonged Infrequent/short Very Infrequent/brief ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ very painful Frequent pain $Frequent mild pain/infrequent severe Occasional mild pain Only neonatally/very mild pain Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ > 2 years 2 years or < 1 year or < 6 months or < 1 month or< None %Intercourse expected soon after birth ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€ ’ Prominent Two or more ceremonies One occasion at later age Only in first 2 months None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€ ’ !Exaggerated, neonatally and later Moderate, neonatally and later Slight, neonatally and later "Only neonatal period, e.g. couvade None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ !Variety of exceptional techniques %Some exceptional techniques/medicines Moderate, e.g. regular bath Slight No Special effort ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ After 12 months '7-12 months, only liquids/premasticated 7-12 months, including solids 1-6 months Before 1 Month ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ < 6months and severe < 6 months and gentle >6 months and severe >6 months and gentle >1 year and severe >1 year and gentle >2 years and severe >2 years and gentle ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ #Strong encouragement and assistance !Definite but inconsistent rewards %No active assistance, attention given Ignore Development &Discourage or punish early development ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ < 2 years and abrupt '2-4 years and gradual/< 2 yrs & gradual 2-4 years and gradual >4 years and abrupt >4 years and gradual ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ <6 months >6 months >1 year >18 Months 3-5 yeas None ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ After Birth < 6 months >1 year Late Very Late Even adults uncovered ’ factorž ŗ   €€€ €  €€€   €€ €€€€€€€ €€  €€  €€€€€ € €€€€  ’  61-72 months 49-60 43-48 37-42 31-36 25-30 21-24 13-20 Months up to 12 Months ’ factorž ŗ  €€€€€€€  €€€€€€€€€ €€ €€ €€€€€€€€€€ ’  61-72 months 49-60 43-48 37-42 31-36 25-30 21-24 13-20 months up to 12 Months ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5th 4th 3rd 2nd $1st in onset (among variables 46-50) ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Mother minimal except nursing Mother minor but significant Mother < 1/2 care )Principally mother, others impotant roles %Pricipally mother, others minor roles Almost exclusively mother ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ exclusively others Primarily others Mother <1/2 care )Principally mother, other important roles Almost exclusively mother ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Regularly close Frequently close Occasionally close Rarely close Distant ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Regularly close Frequently close Occasionally close Rarely close Distant ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ others, both sexes others, female adult family, both sexes adult family, unspecified adult family, females children, both sexes children, unspecified children, females ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ adults, both sexes adults, single sex older children, both sexes older children, unspecified older children, single sex peer group, both sexes peer group, unspecified peer group, single sex ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Highly affectionate Greater Occasional indulgence Lesser severity Severe or neglectful ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ High in catagory Medium in category Low in category ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Consistent leniency Greater leniency Occasional severity Less Severity Severe ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ High in Category Medium in catagory Low in category ’ factoržŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ ’ Permanent Impermanent-periodically moved (Semisedentary-fixed core, some migratory Rotating among 2+ fixed Seminomadic-fixed then migratory Migratory ’ factorž ŗ ’ %Partially dispersed with central core "Spatially separated subsettlements Dispersed Compact ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ > 50,000 5,000-49,999 1,000-4,999 400-999 200-399 100-199 50-99 < 50 ’ factorž ŗ€€ ’ over 500 persons / sq. mile 101-500 persons / sq. mile 26-100 persons / sq. mile 1-25 persons / sq. mile 1-5 persons / sq. mile 1 person / 1-5 sq. mile < 1 person / 5 sq. mile ’ factorž ŗ                       ’ Miscellaneous Semisubterranean Tents Caves or rock shelters Flat roofs $Rectangular on ground, mineral walls Rectangular on piles -Rectangular on ground, vegetal material walls Cone-cylinder Semicylindrical Wedge-shape roof Dome or hemispherical Beehive Conical ’ factorž ŗ ’ Economic or industrial buildings Military structure(s) #Religious or ceremonial building(s) Secular or public building(s) %Residences of influential individuals None ’ factorž ŗ ’ 0Multi-dwelling households, individuals (married) ,Multi-dwelling households, husbands separate *Multi-dwelling households, husband rotates 'Multi-dwelling households, married pair Family homestead Single family dwellings Multi-family dwellings Large communal structures ’ factorž ŗ                                        ’  Large extended, >20% polygyny Large extended, <20% polygyny Large extended, monogamy >20% polygyny Small extended, <20 % polygamy Small extended, monogamy Stem family, < 20 % polygyny S Stem family, monogamy Polyandruos Polygynous, > 20% Monogamous, <20% polygyny Monogamous, no polygyny ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ Neolocal-separate from kin +Ambilocal-w/ either wife's or husband's kin Patrilocal or virilocal .Avunculocal-w/husband's mother's brother's kin (Matrilocal or uxorilocal-with wife's kin ’ factorž ŗ ’ $Bilateral- not a corporate kin group 1Ambilineal- through one parent in each generation Patrilineal-through male line ,Double descent-through male and female lines Matrilineal-through female line ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ (Dispersed sibs- in different communities (Clan communities -core group and spouses "Localized lineages->1per community None-Bilateral ’ factorž ŗ€ ’ Local endogamy 0-10% (exogamy) Local endogamy 11-39 % (agamous) Local endogamy 40-60% (agamous) Local endogamy 61-89% (agamous) Local endogamy 90-100% ’ factorž ŗ ’ Common religious ties Common political ties Common social or economic status Overlapping kin ties $Common Identity, dialect, subculture By common residence only Lacking/low compared to segments ’ factorž ŗ ’ ,Individual sponsored and communally attended Magical or religious Calendrical Rites of Passage ’ factorž ŗ ’ Masochistic behavior Human sacrifice Sacrafice other than human Entertainment Exchange other than food Feasting and/or drinking ’ factorž ŗ ’ Too complex to be coded $Single local leader and subordinates Local councils Single local leader and council Dual/plural headmen Single local leader Higher level only No centralized local leadership ’ factorž ŗ   €   €  €       ’  (L Hereditary w/ personal qualifications Matrilineal Patrilineal R Electoral Process I Informal Consensus D Divination S Seniority A By appointment O No headmen or council ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Patrilineal Electoral process Informal consensus Divination Seniority By appointment No headman or council ’ factorž ŗ ’ Polygyny >20% plural wives Polygyny < 20% plural wives Monogamy Polyandry-primarily monogamous ’ factorž ŗ ’ Large extended Small extended Stem Family Nuclear Poygynous Nuclear Monogamous ’ factoržŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ€€ ’ Fully autonomous #Equal status in pluralistic society De Facto Autonomy Tribute paid Semi-autonomous Dependent totally ’ factorž ŗ€€ ’ Increasing autonomy )State of equilibrium, expanding territory State of equilibrium )Declining territory or population control Declining Autonomy ’ factorž ŗ€€ ’ ,Sovereignty 3rd or higher hierarchical level %Sovereignty 2nd hierarchical level up %Sovereignty 1st hierarchical level up Stateless society ’ factorž ŗ€€€ ’ International organization Confederation Alliances Peace group Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€ ’ Single leader Plural executive Executive and Council Council Absent ’ factorž ŗ         € €  € € €     €  €                ’  Divination Appointee of alien society Formal elections Informal recognition Elected by council Decision by limited power group Ruling Family Matrilineal, MoBr to MoBr Matrilineal, MoBr to SiSo #Patrilineal, Fa to faBr, then to So Patrilineal, Fa to So Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€ ’ Elective By ethnic components Appointed Aristocrats Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€ ’ Subordinate functionaries Hereditary Subordinate groups Secret society Favorites of executive Relatives of executive Absent Absence of sovereignty ’ factorž ŗ€€€ ’ Hereditary Priesthood Appointed by executive Executive Not local Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€ ’ Specialized Military Retainers of chiefs Incipient specialization Not specialized ’ factorž ŗ€€€ ’ Part of centralized system *Heads of centralized territorial divisions ,Heads of decentralized territorial divisions Heads of kin groups Popular Assemblies Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€ ’ Appointment by executive Formal election Personal qualities Seniority of age Ruling lineage Matrilineal succession Patrlineal succession Absent ’ factorž ŗ         €   €        €                  ’  Priestly services Capitalistic enterprises Foreign Commerce Political Office Large land-holdings Contributions of free citizens Slaves Tribute or taxes Warfare wealth Direct subsistence production  ’ factorž ŗ€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’  Priestly services Capitalistic enterprises Foreign Commerce Political Office Large land-holdings Contributions of free citizens Slaves Tribute or taxes Warfare wealth ’ factorž ŗ€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ € €€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’  Priestly services Capitalistic enterprises Foreign Commerce Political Office Large land-holdings Contributions of free citizens Slaves Tribute or taxes Warfare wealth ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ €€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’  Priestly services Capitalistic enterprises Foreign Commerce Political Office Large land-holdings Contributions of free citizens Slaves Tribute or taxes Warfare wealth ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’  Priestly services Capitalistic enterprises Foreign Commerce Political Office Large land-holdings Contributions of free citizens Slaves Tribute or taxes Warfare wealth ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’  Priestly services Capitalistic enterprises Foreign Commerce Political Office Large land-holdings Contributions of free citizens Slaves Tribute or taxes Warfare wealth ’ factoržŗ Nama Hottentot  Kung Bushmen  Thonga  Lozi  Mbundu  Suku  Bemba  Nyakyusa  Hadza  Luguru  Kikuyu  Ganda  Mbuti  Nkundo Mongo  Banen  Tiv  Ibo  Fon  Ashanti  Mende  Wolof  Bambara  Tallensi  Songhai  Pastoral Fulani Hausa  Massa (Masa)  Azande  Fur (Darfur)  Otoro Nuba  Shilluk  Mao  Kaffa (Kafa)  Masai  Konso  Somali  Amhara  Bogo  Kenuzi Nubians  Teda  Tuareg  Riffians  Egyptians  Hebrews  Babylonians  Rwala Bedouin  Turks  Gheg Albanians  Romans  Basques  Irish  Lapps  Yurak Samoyed  Russians  Abkhaz  Armenians  Kurd  Basseri  Punjabi (West)  Gond  Toda  Santal  Uttar Pradesh  Burusho  Kazak  Khalka Mongols  Lolo  Lepcha  Garo  Lakher  Burmese  Lamet  Vietnamese  Rhade  Khmer  Siamese  Semang  Nicobarese  Andamanese  Vedda  Tanala  Negri Sembilan  Javanese  Balinese  Iban  Badjau  Toradja  Tobelorese  Alorese  Tiwi  Aranda  Orokaiva  Kimam  Kapauku  Kwoma  Manus  New Ireland  Trobrianders  Siuai  Tikopia  Pentecost  Mbau Fijians  Ajie  Maori  Marquesans  Western Samoans Gilbertese  Marshallese  Trukese  Yapese  Palauans  Ifugao  Atayal  Chinese  Manchu  Koreans  Japanese  Ainu  Gilyak  Yukaghir  Chukchee  Ingalik  Aleut  Copper Eskimo  Montagnais  Micmac  Saulteaux  Slave  Kaska  Eyak  Haida  Bellacoola  Twana  Yurok  Pomo (Eastern)  Yokuts (Lake)  Paiute (North.) Klamath  Kutenai  Gros Ventre  Hidatsa  Pawnee  Omaha  Huron  Creek  Natchez  Comanche  Chiricahua  Zuni  Havasupai  Papago  Huichol  Aztec  Popoluca  Quiche  Miskito  Bribri  Cuna (Tule)  Goajiro  Haitians  Callinago  Warrau  Yanomamo  Carib (Barama)  Saramacca  Mundurucu  Cubeo (Tucano)  Cayapa  Jivaro  Amahuaca  Inca  Aymara  Siriono  Nambicuara  Trumai  Timbira  Tupinamba  Botocudo  Shavante  Aweikoma  Cayua  Lengua  Abipon  Mapuche  Tehuelche  Yahgan  ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ€€€€€€€€€€ ’ Females Exclusively Females Predominantly Equally Males Predominantly Males Exclusively Task Absent ’ factorž ŗ