Pre-Coded
Variables
for the
Standard
Cross-Cultural
Sample
from World Cultures
Prepared by
William Divale
Divalebill@aol.com
York College,
CUNY
718-262-2982
Fall 2000
Contents
Introduction 3
Standard Cross-Cultural
Sample: Introduction 4
Subsistence Economy and
Supportive Practices Variables 1 to 22 7
Infancy and Early Childhood Variables 23 to 60 11
Settlement Patterns and
Community Organization Variables 61 to 80 18
Political Organization Variables 81 to 98 22
Division of Labor Variables 99 to 148 25
Cultural Complexity Variables 149 to 158 28
Sexual Attitudes and
Practices Variables 159 to 178 30
Climate Data from Weather
Stations Variables 179 to 199 33
Ethnographic Atlas Variables 200 to 292 36
Traits Inculcated in
Childhood Variables 293 to 336 50
Agents and Techniques of
Child Training Variables 337 to 480 55
Parental Acceptance-Rejection
and Parental Control Variables 481 to 528 67
Adolescent Initiation
Ceremonies Variables 529 to 560 70
Reproductive Rituals Variables 561 to 575 74
The Relative Status of Women Variables 576 to 636 77
Kin Term Patterns Variables 637 to 644 86
Cultural Theories of Illness Variables 645 to 656 89
Female Power and Male
Dominance Variables 657 to 679 91
Female Status: Independent Variables Variables 680 to 738 95
Husband-Wife Relationships Variables 739 to 755 104
Political Decision Making
and Conflict Variables 756 to 797 109
Data Quality Control
Variables for Child Training Variables 798 to 813 116
Sexual Division of Labor
Revisited Variables 814 to 826 120
Adolescent Sexual Behavior Variables 827 to 832 122
Standard Cross-Cultural
Sample Variables 833 to 850 124
Language Phylum and Family
Membership Variables 851 to 853 127
Climate and Subsistence Variables 854
to 859.1 132
Polygyny: Form and Frequency Variables 860
to 879 137
Magico-Religious
Practitioners Variables 879
to 884 141
Female Contribution to
Subsistence Variables 885
to 890 142
The Nature of Warfare Variables 891
to 916 143
Slavery and Social Death Variables 917
to 920 148
Agricultural Potentials Variables 921
to 930 151
Varieties of Sexual
Experience Variables 931 to 985 154
Enculturative Continuity and
Importance of Caretakers Variables 986 to 1005 172
Historical Analysis of
Subsistence Change Variables 1006 to 1114 175
Population Codes Variable 1122
190
Type of Agriculture Variables 1123 to 1131 192
State Organization Variable 1132 195
Despotism and Harem Size Variables 1133 to 1135 196
Divorce Variables 1136 to 1178 197
Rape Variables 1179 to 1187 199
Evil Eye Variables 1188 to 1189 202
Kin Avoidance Variables 1190 to 1225 203
Marriage Transactions Variables 1238 to 1240 205
Female Beauty and Adolescent
Sexuality Codes Variables
1248 to 1252 206
Pathogen Stress
Cross-Culturally: Codes Variables 1253 to 1260 208
Starvation and Famine Among
SCCS Societies: Codes Variables 1261 to 1270 210-211
Introduction 214
Standard
Cross-Cultural Sample: Introduction 215
Household Division Of Work I Variables 1271 to 1305 218
Household
Division Of Work II Variables 1306 to 1341 226
Household
Division Of Work III Variables 1342 to 1366 231
Household
Division Of Work IV Variables 1367 to 1401 236
Household
Division Of Work V Variables 1402 to 1437 244
Household
Division Of Work VI.1 Variables 1438 to 1462 249
Household
Division Of Work VI.2 Variables 1463 to 1490 254
Household
Division Of Work VII Variables 1491 to 1521 259
Household
Division Of Work X Variables 1522 to 1557 264
Household
Division Of Work X Variables 1558 to 1591 270
Household
Division Of Work XI Variables 1592 to 1614 276
Household
Division Of Work XII Variables 1615 to 1647 280
Warfare,
Aggression, and Resource Problems Variables 1648 to 1691 286
Scarification,
Pathogen Load and Biome Variables 1692 to 1709 302
Sleeping
Arrangements of Children & Adolescents Variables 1710 to 1713 304
CONAN:
Code-Text Data-Base, Part I Variables 1714 to 1747 305
CONAN:
Code-Text Data-Base, Part II Variables 1748 to 1780 313
Codes
on Gossip Topics Variables 1781 to 1805 321
Gossip
Factor Scales Factors 1 to 8 325
Modernization
Codes Variables 1806 to 1849 327
The Standard Cross-Cultural
Sample (Murdock and White, 1969, Ethnology) is currently the most widely
used sample in cross-cultural research.
At present 1,805 variables have been measured for this sample and
published in the journal World Cultures (as of volume 11, number 1
[Spring 2000]).
I have found from my own
research and from teaching students to use the cross-cultural method that a
description of these variables is useful, especially if collected in one
place. For a recent discussion of the
cross-cultural method see Ember and Ember (1998). Often one has a hypothesis that requires the measurement of the
independent or dependent variable. The
remaining variables sometimes need to be measured as well, but sometimes they
already were coded by another researcher.
More often a similar variable exists or one that can be used as an
indirect measure. The use of
pre-existing variables can facilitate research, especially in preliminary or
pilot studies.
The present volumes collect
the codebooks for these 1,805 variables in one location. In the accompanying CD-ROM disk the 1,805
variables are presented in two formats:
The
codebooks indicate which data files correspond to the codebook. For example, the first codebook refers to
Subsistence Economy and Supportive Practices (Murdock and Morrow 1970). These are variables number 1-22 and can be
found in SPSS format in data file STDS01.SAV, or in ASCCI format in ST01.DAT.
Using the
Data, Merge option in SPSS one can easily add, delete, or combine variables
from different data files to make a file for your use.
In addition, in separate files on the CD are also included the ethnographic bibliography for the societies in the SCCS sample.
Ember, Carol. R. and Melvin Ember. 1998. Cross-Cultural Research. In H.R. Bernard (ed.), Handbook of methods in cultural anthropology, pp. 647-687. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira.
Murdock, George P. and Diana O. Morrow. 1970. Subsistence Economy and Supportive Practices. Ethnology 9:302-330.
Murdock, George P. and Douglas White. 1969. The Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. Ethnology 8:329-369.
The
Standard Sample: Introduction
The
Standard Cross-Cultural Sample (Murdock and White 1969) consists of 186
societies, each of which is pinpointed
to a particular time
and place for purposes of coding.
By society we
mean a specific local
population which reproduces a way of life, the description of which may vary depending on
which of many possible foci is chosen for study, within some larger unit.
No attempt is made to generalize
the descriptions of these
individualized ways of life to
an entire "society" in terms of the largest groups that might
be included under
the ethnic or
national designations of the
particular units. A
more detailed description of sample design and pinpointing of focal
groups is given in the next issue:
FILE: STDSAMPL.FOC
This
sample is designed
for testing propositions about human societies,
cultures, and behaviors. The order in which the societies are listed
below corresponds to the order of the records in the datafiles with
descriptive variables on these societies. The numbers running from 1 to 186 traverse
the societies from the southern
tip of Africa up through Europe, on through Asia and the
Pacific, into North America and down to
the tip of South America. The dates are
the focal date, which is
often the earliest reliable ethnographic description.
No. Societal Name Date No. Societal Name Date
1 Nama Hottentot 1860
2 Kung Bushmen 1950
3 Thonga 1865
4 Lozi 1900
5 Mbundu 1890
6 Suku 1920
7 Bemba 1897
8 Nyakyusa 1934
9 Hadza 1930
10 Luguru 1925
11 Kikuyu 1920
12 Ganda 1875
13 Mbuti 1950
14 Nkundo Mongo 1930
15 Banen 1935
16 Tiv 1920
17 Ibo 1935
18 Fon 1890
19 Ashanti 1895
20 Mende 1945
21 Wolof 1950
22 Bambara 1902
23 Tallensi 1934
24 Songhai 1940
25 Pastoral Fulani 1951
26 Hausa 1900
27 Massa (Masa) 1910
28 Azande 1905
29 Fur (Darfur) 1880
30 Otoro Nuba 1930
31 Shilluk 1910
32 Mao 1939
33 Kaffa (Kafa) 1905
34 Masai 1900
35 Konso 1935
36 Somali 1900
37 Amhara 1953
38 Bogo 1855
39 Kenuzi Nubians 1900
40 Teda 1950
41 Tuareg 1900
42 Riffians 1926
43 Egyptians 1950
44 Hebrews - 621
45 Babylonians -1750
46 Rwala Bedouin 1913
47 Turks 1950
48 Gheg Albanians 1910
49 Romans
110
50 Basques 1934
51 Irish 1932
52 Lapps 1950
53 Yurak Samoyed 1894
54 Russians 1955
55 Abkhaz 1880
56 Armenians 1843
57 Kurd 1951
58 Basseri 1958
59 Punjabi (West) 1950
60 Gond 1938
61 Toda 1900
62 Santal 1940
63 Uttar Pradesh 1945
64 Burusho 1934
65 Kazak 1885
66 Khalka Mongols 1920
67 Lolo 1910
68 Lepcha 1937
69 Garo 1955
70 Lakher 1930
71 Burmese 1965
72 Lamet 1940
73 Vietnamese 1930
74 Rhade 1962
75 Khmer 1292
76 Siamese 1955
77 Semang 1925
78 Nicobarese 1870
79 Andamanese 1860
80 Vedda 1860
81 Tanala 1925
82 Negri Sembilan 1958
83 Javanese 1954
84 Balinese 1958
85 Iban 1950
86 Badjau 1963
87 Toradja 1910
88 Tobelorese 1900
89 Alorese 1938
90 Tiwi 1929
91 Aranda 1896
92 Orokaiva 1925
93 Kimam 1960
94 Kapauku 1955
95 Kwoma 1960
96 Manus 1937
97 New Ireland 1930
98 Trobrianders 1914
99 Siuai 1939
100 Tikopia 1930
101 Pentecost 1953
102 Mbau Fijians 1840
103 Ajie 1845
104 Maori 1820
105 Marquesans 1800
106 Western Samoans 1829
107 Gilbertese 1890
108 Marshallese 1900
109 Trukese 1947
110 Yapese 1910
111 Palauans 1947
112 Ifugao 1910
113 Atayal 1930
114 Chinese 1936
115 Manchu 1915
116 Koreans 1947
117 Japanese 1950
118 Ainu
1880
119 Gilyak 1890
120 Yukaghir 1850
121 Chukchee 1900
122 Ingalik 1885
123 Aleut 1800
124 Copper Eskimo 1915
125 Montagnais 1910
126 Micmac 1650
127 Saulteaux 1930
128 Slave 1940
129 Kaska 1900
130 Eyak 1890
131 Haida 1875
132 Bellacoola 1880
133 Twana 1860
134 Yurok 1850
135 Pomo (Eastern) 1850
136 Yokuts (Lake) 1850
137 Paiute (North.) 1870
138 Klamath 1860
139 Kutenai 1890
140 Gros Ventre 1880
141 Hidatsa 1836
142 Pawnee 1867
143 Omaha 1860
144 Huron 1634
145 Creek 1800
146 Natchez 1718
147 Comanche 1870
148 Chiricahua 1870
149 Zuni 1880
150 Havasupai 1918
151 Papago 1910
152 Huichol 1890
153 Aztec 1520
154 Popoluca 1940
155 Quiche 1930
156 Miskito 1921
157 Bribri 1917
158 Cuna (Tule) 1927
159 Goajiro 1947
160 Haitians 1935
161 Callinago 1650
162 Warrau 1935
163 Yanomamo 1965
164 Carib (Barama) 1932
165 Saramacca 1928
166 Mundurucu 1850
167 Cubeo (Tucano) 1939
168 Cayapa 1908
169 Jivaro 1920
170 Amahuaca 1960
171 Inca 1530
172 Aymara 1940
173 Siriono 1942
174 Nambicuara 1940
175 Trumai 1938
176 Timbira 1915
177 Tupinamba 1550
178 Botocudo 1884
179 Shavante 1958
180 Aweikoma 1932
181 Cayua 1890
182 Lengua 1889
183 Abipon 1750
184 Mapuche 1950
185 Tehuelche 1870
186 Yahgan 1865
HOUSEHOLD
DIVISION OF WORK 1
Candice Bradley. 1987. Women, Children and Work. Unpublished Ph.D.
dissertation. University of California, Irvine. UMI 8893611.
STDS66.DAT Vars. 1271-1305 Household
division of work 1
1271. ADULT LAND CLEARANCE--PRIMARY CROP
115
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
29
1 = Men Only
13
2 = Men Predominant
4
3 = Men and Women Equal
3
4 = Women Predominant
2
5 = Women Only
0
6 = Not an Adult Task
0
7 = Adult Task, No Data on Sex
0
8 = Men, No Data on Women
0
9 = Women, No Data on Men
1
10 = Slaves Only
1272. ADULT SOIL PREPARATION--PRIMARY CROP
119
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
21
1 = Men Only
11
2 = Men Predominant
6
3 = Men and Women Equal
5
4 = Women Predominant
4
5 = Women Only
0
6 = Not an Adult Task
0
7 = Adult Task, No Data on Sex
0
8 = Men, No Data on Women
0
9 = Women, No Data on Men
1
10 = Slaves Only
1273. ADULT PLANTING--PRIMARY CROP
115
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
10
1 = Men Only
9
2 = Men Predominant
10
3 = Men and Women Equal
10
4 = Women Predominant
10
5 = Women Only
0
6 = Not an Adult Task
0
7 = Adult Task, No Data on Sex
1
8 = Men, No Data on Women
1
9 = Women, No Data on Men
1
10 = Slaves Only
1274. ADULT CROP TENDING--PRIMARY CROP
119
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
6
1 = Men Only
8
2 = Men Predominant
8
3 = Men and Women Equal
10
4 = Women Predominant
15
5 = Women Only
0
6 = Not an Adult Task
0
7 = Adult Task, No Data on Sex
0
8 = Men, No Data on Women
0
9 = Women, No Data on Men
1
10 = Slaves Only
1275. ADULT HARVESTING--PRIMARY CROP
115
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
5
1 = Men Only
11
2 = Men Predominant
13
3 = Men and Women Equal
12
4 = Women Predominant
10
5 = Women Only
0
6 = Not an Adult Task
0
7 = Adult Task, No Data on Sex
0
8 = Men, No Data on Women
0
9 = Women, No Data on Men
1
10 = Slaves Only
1276. ADULT AGRICULTURAL TASK UNSPECIFIED--PRIMARY
CROP
147
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
2
1 = Men Only
7
2 = Men Predominant
4
3 = Men and Women Equal
5
4 = Women Predominant
1
5 = Women Only
0
6 = Not an Adult Task
0
7 = Adult Task, No Data on Sex
0
8 = Men, No Data on Women
0
9 = Women, No Data on Men
1
10 = Slaves Only
1277. ADULT OTHER AGRICULTURAL CHORES--PRIMARY
CROP
166
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
0
1 = Men Only
0
2 = Men Predominant
0
3 = Men and Women Equal
0
4 = Women Predominant
0
5 = Women Only
0
6 = Not an Adult Task
0
7 = Adult Task, No Data on Sex
0
8 = Men, No Data on Women
0
9 = Women, No Data on Men
1
10 = Slaves Only
1278. CHILD LAND CLEARANCE--PRIMARY CROP
130
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
13
1 = Boys Only
3
2 = Boys Predominant
5
3 = Boys and Girls Equal
0
4 = Girls Predominant
3
5 = Girls Only
5 6 = Not a Child's
Task
4
7 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
2
8 = Boys, No Data on Girls
1
9 = Girls, No Data on Boys
1
10 = Slaves Only
1279. CHILD SOIL PREPARATION--PRIMARY CROP
133
. = Missing data
19 0 = Activity not
present
13
1 = Boys Only
3
2 = Boys Predominant
5
3 = Boys and Girls Equal
0
4 = Girls Predominant
4
5 = Girls Only
2
6 = Not a Child's Task
4
7 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1
8 = Boys, No Data on Girls
1
9 = Girls, No Data on Boys
1
10 = Slaves Only
1280. CHILD PLANTING--PRIMARY CROP
129
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
5
1 = Boys Only
2
2 = Boys Predominant
9
3 = Boys and Girls Equal
1
4 = Girls Predominant
8
5 = Girls Only
6
6 = Not a Child's Task
4
7 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1
8 = Boys, No Data on Girls
1
9 = Girls, No Data on Boys
1
10 = Slaves Only
1281. CHILD CROP TENDING--PRIMARY CROP
125
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
5
1 = Boys Only
5
2 = Boys Predominant
13
3 = Boys and Girls Equal
3
4 = Girls Predominant
5
5 = Girls Only
3
6 = Not a Child's Task
5
7 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1
8 = Boys, No Data on Girls
1
9 = Girls, No Data on Boys
1
10 = Slaves Only
1282. CHILD HARVESTING--PRIMARY CROP
126
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
5
1 = Boys Only
3
2 = Boys Predominant
10
3 = Boys and Girls Equal
4
4 = Girls Predominant
8
5 = Girls Only
1
6 = Not a Child's Task
6 7 = Child Task, no
Data on Sex
2
8 = Boys, No Data on Girls
1
9 = Girls, No Data on Boys
1
10 = Slaves Only
1283. CHILD AGRICULTURAL TASK UNSPECIFIED--PRIMARY
CROP
147
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
3
1 = Boys Only
2
2 = Boys Predominant
5
3 = Boys and Girls Equal
2
4 = Girls Predominant
3
5 = Girls Only
0
6 = Not a Child's Task
2
7 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
2
8 = Boys, No Data on Girls
0
9 = Girls, No Data on Boys
1
10 = Slaves Only
1284. CHILD OTHER AGRICULTURAL CHORES--PRIMARY
CROP
164
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
1
1 = Boys Only
0
2 = Boys Predominant
0
3 = Boys and Girls Equal
0
4 = Girls Predominant
1
5 = Girls Only
0
6 = Not a Child's Task
0
7 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
8 = Boys, No Data on Girls
0
9 = Girls, No Data on Boys
1
10 = Slaves Only
1285. CHILDREN UNDER 6 CLEAR LAND--PRIMARY CROP
143
. = Missing data
40
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
0
2 = Girls this age
0
3 = Boys and Girls this age
2
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1286. CHILDREN UNDER 6 SOIL PREPARATION--PRIMARY
CROP
145
. = Missing data
39
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
0
2 = Girls this age
0
3 = Boys and Girls this age
1
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1287. CHILDREN UNDER 6 PLANTING--PRIMARY CROP
144
. = Missing data
39
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
1
2 = Girls this age
0
3 = Boys and Girls this age
1
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1288. CHILDREN UNDER 6 CROP TENDING--PRIMARY CROP
143 . = Missing data
37
0 = Children this age do not do task
1
1 = Boys this age
1
2 = Girls this age
3
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0 6 = Boys this age, No
Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1289. CHILDREN UNDER 6 HARVESTING--PRIMARY CROP
145
. = Missing data
38
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
1
2 = Girls this age
1
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1290. CHILDREN UNDER 6 AGRICULTURAL TASKS
UNSPECIFIED--PRIMARY CROP
157
. = Missing data
28
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
0
2 = Girls this age
0
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
1 5 = Child Task, no Data on
Sex
0
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1291. CHILDREN UNDER 6 OTHER AGRICULTURAL
CHORES--PRIMARY CROP
164
. = Missing data
21
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
1
2 = Girls this age
0
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1292. CHILDREN 6 TO 10 CLEAR LAND--PRIMARY CROP
145
. = Missing data
32
0 = Children this age do not do task
2
1 = Boys this age
0
2 = Girls this age
5
3 = Boys and Girls this age
2
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1293. CHILDREN 6 TO 10 SOIL PREPARATION--PRIMARY
CROP
147
. = Missing data
28
0 = Children this age do not do task
3
1 = Boys this age
1
2 = Girls this age
6
3 = Boys and Girls this age
1
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1294. CHILDREN 6 TO 10 PLANTING--PRIMARY CROP
144
. = Missing data
27
0 = Children this age do not do task
2
1 = Boys this age
3
2 = Girls this age
9 3 = Boys and Girls
this age
1
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1295. CHILDREN 6 TO 10 CROP TENDING--PRIMARY CROP
144
. = Missing data
24
0 = Children this age do not do task
1
1 = Boys this age
3
2 = Girls this age
14
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0 6 = Boys this age, No Data
on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1296. CHILDREN 6 TO 10 HARVESTING--PRIMARY CROP
146
. = Missing data
23
0 = Children this age do not do task
4
1 = Boys this age
4 2 = Girls this age
9
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1297. CHILDREN 6 TO 10 AGRICULTURAL TASKS
UNSPECIFIED--PRIMARY CROP
159
. = Missing data
20
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
0
2 = Girls this age
6
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1298. CHILDREN 6 TO 10 OTHER AGRICULTURAL
CHORES--PRIMARY CROP
165
. = Missing data
20
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
0
2 = Girls this age
1
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0 7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1299. CHILDREN OVER 10 CLEAR LAND--PRIMARY CROP
142
. = Missing data
20
0 = Children this age do not do task
13
1 = Boys this age
1
2 = Girls this age
7
3 = Boys and Girls this age
2
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1300. CHILDREN OVER 10 SOIL PREPARATION--PRIMARY
CROP
144
. = Missing data
19
0 = Children this age do not do task
12
1 = Boys this age
2
2 = Girls this age
7
3 = Boys and Girls this age
1
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1301. CHILDREN OVER 10 PLANTING--PRIMARY CROP
143
. = Missing data
20
0 = Children this age do not do task
5
1 = Boys this age
5
2 = Girls this age
11
3 = Boys and Girls this age
1
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1302. CHILDREN OVER 10 CROP TENDING--PRIMARY CROP
142
. = Missing data
21
0 = Children this age do not do task
4
1 = Boys this age
4
2 = Girls this age
13
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
1
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1303. CHILDREN OVER 10 HARVESTING--PRIMARY CROP
145
. = Missing data
19
0 = Children this age do not do task
4
1 = Boys this age
5 2 = Girls this age
12
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1304. CHILDREN OVER 10 AGRICULTURAL TASKS
UNSPECIFIED--PRIMARY CROP
158
. = Missing data
19
0 = Children this age do not do task
1
1 = Boys this age
1
2 = Girls this age
6
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0
7 = Girls this age, No Data on Boys
1305. CHILDREN OVER 10 OTHER AGRICULTURAL
CHORES--PRIMARY CROP
165
. = Missing data
20
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
0
2 = Girls this age
1
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
6 = Boys this age, No Data on Girls
0 7 = Girls this age,
No Data on Boys
HOUSEHOLD
DIVISION OF WORK 2
Candice Bradley. 1987. Women, Children and Work. Unpublished Ph.D.
dissertation. University of California, Irvine. UMI 8893611.
STDS67.DAT
Vars. 1306-1341 Household division of work 2
1306. USES OF FRUITS OF LABOR--PRIMARY CROP
121
. = Missing data
19
0 = None (e.g.,Activity not present)
0
1 = Product consumer is child only
36
2 = Product consumer is household or community
0
3 = Wage labor/product sold
9
4 = Household and wage labor or product sold
1
5 = 1 & 2 above
0
6 = All of above
1307. CHILDREN CLEAR LAND ALONE--PRIMARY CROP
137
. = Missing data
20
0 = Activity not present
2
1 = Yes, Children do this
27
2 = No, Children do not do this
1308. CHILDREN PREPARE SOIL ALONE--PRIMARY CROP
138
. = Missing data
20
0 = Activity not present
4
1 = Yes, Children do this
24
2 = No, Children do not do this
1309. CHILDREN PLANT ALONE--PRIMARY CROP
135
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
3
1 = Yes, Children do this
29
2 = No, Children do not do this
1310. CHILDREN TEND CROPS ALONE--PRIMARY CROP
135
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
3
1 = Yes, Children do this
29
2 = No, Children do not do this
1311. CHILDREN HARVEST ALONE--PRIMARY CROP
134
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
2
1 = Yes, Children do this
31
2 = No, Children do not do this
1312. CHILDREN DO UNSPECIFIED AGRICULTURAL TASKS
ALONE--PRIMARY CROP
148
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
1
1 = Yes, Children do this
18
2 = No, Children do not do this
1313. CHILDREN DO OTHER AGRICULTURAL CHORES
ALONE--PRIMARY CROP
161
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
1
1 = Yes, Children do this
5
2 = No, Children do not do this
1314. CHILDREN CLEAR LAND WITH OTHER KIDS--PRIMARY
CROP
136
. = Missing data
20
0 = Activity not present
7
1 = Yes, Children do this
23
2 = No, Children do not do this
1315. CHILDREN PREPARE SOIL WITH OTHER
KIDS--PRIMARY CROP
138
. = Missing data
20
0 = Activity not present
5
1 = Yes, Children do this
23
2 = No, Children do not do this
1316. CHILDREN PLANT WITH OTHER KIDS--PRIMARY CROP
136
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
7
1 = Yes, Children do this
24
2 = No, Children do not do this
1317. CHILDREN TEND CROPS WITH OTHER KIDS--PRIMARY
CROP
134
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
12
1 = Yes, Children do this
21
2 = No, Children do not do this
1318. CHILDREN HARVEST WITH OTHER KIDS--PRIMARY
CROP
134
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
6
1 = Yes, Children do this
27
2 = No, Children do not do this
1319. CHILDREN DO UNSPECIFIED CHORES WITH OTHER
KIDS--PRIMARY CROP
150
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
5
1 = Yes, Children do this
12
2 = No, Children do not do this
1320. CHILDREN DO OTHER AGRICULTURAL CHORES WITH
OTHER KIDS--PRIMARY CROP
162
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
1
1 = Yes, Children do this
4
2 = No, Children do not do this
1321. CHILDREN CLEAR LAND WITH ADULTS--PRIMARY
CROP
137
. = Missing data
20
0 = Activity not present
24
1 = Yes, Children do this
5
2 = No, Children do not do this
1322. CHILDREN PREPARE SOIL WITH ADULTS--PRIMARY
CROP
138
. = Missing data
20
0 = Activity not present
23
1 = Yes, Children do this
5
2 = No, Children do not do this
1323. CHILDREN PLANT WITH ADULTS--PRIMARY CROP
136
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
25
1 = Yes, Children do this
6
2 = No, Children do not do this
1324. CHILDREN TEND CROPS WITH ADULTS--PRIMARY
CROP
135
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
23
1 = Yes, Children do this
9
2 = No, Children do not do this
1325. CHILDREN HARVEST WITH ADULTS--PRIMARY CROP
134
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
28
1 = Yes, Children do this
5
2 = No, Children do not do this
1326. CHILDREN DO UNSPECIFIED AGRICULTURAL TASKS
WITH ADULTS--PRIMARY CROP
150
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
14
1 = Yes, Children do this
3
2 = No, Children do not do this
1327. CHILDREN DO OTHER AGRICULTURAL CHORES WITH
ADULTS--PRIMARY CROP
164
. = Missing data
19
0 = Activity not present
2
1 = Yes, Children do this
1
2 = No, Children do not do this
1328. IMPORTANCE OF BOY CLEARING--PRIMARY CROP
146
. = Missing data
21
0 = Boys do not do this task
3
1 = The most important task for boys
16
2 = Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls
1329. IMPORTANCE OF BOY PREPARING SOIL--PRIMARY
CROP
147
. = Missing data
22
0 = Boys do not do this task
4
1 = The most important task for boys
13
2 = Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls
1330. IMPORTANCE OF BOY PLANTING--PRIMARY CROP
144
. = Missing data
27
0 = Boys do not do this task
2
1 = The most important task for boys
11
2 = Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important
2
3 = Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls
1331. IMPORTANCE OF BOY TENDING CROPS--PRIMARY
CROP
143
. = Missing data
23
0 = Boys do not do this task
4
1 = The most important task for boys
14
2 = Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important
2
3 = Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls
1332. IMPORTANCE OF BOY HARVESTING--PRIMARY CROP
142
. = Missing data
25
0 = Boys do not do this task
2
1 = The most important task for boys
15
2 = Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important
2
3 = Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls
1333. IMPORTANCE OF BOY UNSPECIFIED AGRICULTURAL
TASKS--PRIMARY CROP
157
. = Missing data
20
0 = Boys do not do this task
2
1 = The most important task for boys
7
2 = Boys commonly do the task,
but not their most important
0
3 = Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls
1334. IMPORTANCE OF BOY OTHER AGRICULTURAL
CHORES--PRIMARY CROP
165
. = Missing data
19
0 = Boys do not do this task
0 1 = The most
important task for boys
2
2 = Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls
1335. IMPORTANCE OF GIRL CLEARING--PRIMARY CROP
146
. = Missing data
29 0 = Girls do not do
this task
0
1 = The most important task for girls
11
2 = Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Girls rarely do, or usually done by girls
1336. IMPORTANCE OF GIRL PREPARING SOIL--PRIMARY
CROP
149
. = Missing data
27
0 = Girls do not do this task
0
1 = The most important task for girls
10
2 = Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Girls rarely do, or usually done by girls
1337. IMPORTANCE OF GIRL PLANTING--PRIMARY CROP
143
. = Missing data
24
0 = Girls do not do this task
0
1 = The most important task for girls
19
2 = Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Girls rarely do, or usually done by girls
1338. IMPORTANCE OF GIRL TENDING CROPS--PRIMARY
CROP
143
. = Missing data
22
0 = Girls do not do this task
1
1 = The most important task for girls
19
2 = Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important
1
3 = Girls rarely do, or usually done by girls
1339. IMPORTANCE OF GIRL HARVESTING--PRIMARY CROP
142
. = Missing data
23
0 = Girls do not do this task
0
1 = The most important task for girls
20
2 = Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important
1
3 = Girls rarely do, or usually done by girls
1340. IMPORTANCE OF GIRL UNSPECIFIED AGRICULTURAL
TASKS--PRIMARY CROP
155
. = Missing data
20 0 = Girls do not do this
task
1
1 = The most important task for girls
9
2 = Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important
1
3 = Girls rarely do, or usually done by girls
1341. IMPORTANCE OF GIRL OTHER AGRICULTURAL
CHORES--PRIMARY CROP
165
. = Missing data
19
0 = Girls do not do this task
0
1 = The most important task for girls
2
2 = Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Girls rarely do, or usually done by girls
HOUSEHOLD
DIVISION OF WORK 3
Candice Bradley. 1987. Women, Children and Work. Unpublished Ph.D.
dissertation. University of California, Irvine. UMI 8893611.
STDS68.DAT
Vars. 1342-1366 Household division of work 3
1342. ADULT PREFERENCE IN LAND CLEARING--PRIMARY
CROP
121
. = Missing data
21
0 = None (e.g.,Activity not present)
43
1 = Common or important adult task
0
2 = Not preferred by adults, considered child's task
1
3 = Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
1343. ADULT PREFERENCE IN SOIL
PREPARATION--PRIMARY CROP
124
. = Missing data
21
0 = None (e.g.,Activity not present)
40
1 = Common or important adult task
0
2 = Not preferred by adults, considered child's task
1
3 = Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
1344. ADULT PREFERENCE IN PLANTING--PRIMARY CROP
121
. = Missing data
21
0 = None (e.g.,Activity not present)
42
1 = Common or important adult task
1
2 = Not preferred by adults, considered child's task
1
3 = Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
1345. ADULT PREFERENCE IN CROP TENDING--PRIMARY
CROP
123
. = Missing data
21 0 = None
(e.g.,Activity not present)
37
1 = Common or important adult task
4
2 = Not preferred by adults, considered child's task
1
3 = Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
1346. ADULT PREFERENCE IN HARVESTING--PRIMARY CROP
118
. = Missing data
21
0 = None (e.g.,Activity not present)
46
1 = Common or important adult task
0
2 = Not preferred by adults, considered child's task
1
3 = Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
1347. ADULT PREFERENCE IN UNSPECIFIED AGRICULTURAL
TASKS--PRIMARY CROP
150
. = Missing data
21
0 = None (e.g.,Activity not present)
14
1 = Common or important adult task
0
2 = Not preferred by adults, considered child's task
1
3 = Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
1348. ADULT PREFERENCE IN OTHER AGRICULTURAL
CHORES--PRIMARY CROP
164
. = Missing data
21
0 = None (e.g.,Activity not present)
1 1 = Common or
important adult task
0
2 = Not preferred by adults, considered child's task
0
3 = Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
1349. PRIMARY CROP NAME
105
. = Missing data
21
0 = No agriculture
2
1 = Barley
10
2 = Maize
8
3 = Millet
3
4 = Dry rice
7
5 = Wet rice
0
6 = Sorghum
5
7 = Wheat
0
8 = Buckwheat
0
11 = Groundnut
0
12 = Beans
1
13 = Breadfruit
5
14 = Cassava
2
15 = Potato
1
16 = Sweet potato
0
17 = Squashes
4
18 = Taro
5
19 = Yams
0
20 = Bananas
2
21 = Plantains
1
22 = Dates
0
23 = Mango
0
24 = Other fruit trees
2
31 = Coconut
0
32 = Peanut
0
41 = Cocoa
0
42 = Cotton
0
43 = Sesame
0
44 = Sugarcane
0
45 = Cardamum
0
46 = Tobacco
0
47 = Rubber
2
51 = Animal fodder
1350. OTHER PRIMARY CROP NAME
114
. = Missing data
66
0 = No agriculture
2
1 = Barley
0
2 = Maize
0
3 = Millet
0
4 = Dry rice
1
5 = Wet rice
2
6 = Sorghum
0
7 = Wheat
0
8 = Buckwheat
0
11 = Groundnut
0
12 = Beans
1
13 = Breadfruit
0
14 = Cassava
0
15 = Potato
0
16 = Sweet potato
0
17 = Squashes
0
18 = Taro
0
19 = Yams
0
20 = Bananas
0
21 = Plantains
0
22 = Dates
0
23 = Mango
0
24 = Other fruit trees
0
31 = Coconut
0
32 = Peanut
0
41 = Cocoa
0
42 = Cotton
0
43 = Sesame
0
44 = Sugarcane
0
45 = Cardamum
0
46 = Tobacco
0
47 = Rubber
0
51 = Animal fodder
1351. IRRIGATION USED--PRIMARY CROP
113
. = Missing data/No agriculture
51
0 = None/Absent
22
1 = Yes/Present
1352. HAND PLOW USED--PRIMARY CROP
113
. = Missing data/No agriculture
70
0 = None/Absent
3
1 = Yes/Present
1353. ANIMAL PLOW USED--PRIMARY CROP
114
. = Missing data/No agriculture
56
0 = None/Absent
15
1 = Yes/Present
1354. TERRACES AND MOUNDS USED--PRIMARY CROP
120
. = Missing data/No agriculture
46
0 = None/Absent
20
1 = Yes/Present
1355. FENCES USED--PRIMARY CROP
127
. = Missing data/No agriculture
47
0 = None/Absent
12
1 = Yes/Present
1356. GREEN MANURE AND MULCH USED--PRIMARY CROP
128
. = Missing data/No agriculture
53
0 = None/Absent
5
1 = Yes/Present
1357. ANIMAL MANURE USED--PRIMARY CROP
129
. = Missing data/No agriculture
48
0 = None/Absent
9
1 = Yes/Present
1358. HUMAN MANURE USED--PRIMARY CROP
129
. = Missing data/No agriculture
54
0 = None/Absent
3
1 = Yes/Present
1359. PESTICIDES USED--PRIMARY CROP
122
. = Missing data/No agriculture
64
0 = None/Absent
0
1 = Yes/Present
1360. EXTENT OF WEEDING--PRIMARY CROP
126
. = Missing data/No agriculture
26
0 = None/No weeding/crops not weeded
1
1 = Crop weeded once
4
2 = Crop weeded twice
6
3 = Crop weeded three times
2
4 = Weeding, but not extensively, no data on # times
13
5 = Extensive weeding, no data on # times
8
6 = Weeding, no data on extent or # times
1361. CROP SUPERVISION--PRIMARY CROP
122
. = No data
22
0 = No agriculture
27
1 = Crops supervised from homestead
15
2 = Distant crops supervised, e.g. huts built in fields
1362. PLANTING TECHNIQUES--PRIMARY CROP
129
. = No data
21
0 = No agriculture
3
1 = Seeds broadcast
14 2 = Seeds planted
by hand/manually
6
3 = Seedlings transplanted
9
4 = Cuttings planted
1
5 = 1 and 2 above
3
6 = 2 and 3 above
1363. SHORTEST LENGTH OF FALLOW--PRIMARY CROP
130
. = No data
21
0 = No agriculture
15
1 = 0 years (permanent cultivation)
4
2 = 2 years
2
3 = 3 years
2
4 = 4 years
3
5 = 5 years
3
6 = 6 years
1
7 = 7 years
2
10 = 10 years
2
15 = 15 years
1
20 = 20 years
1364. SOIL TREATMENTS/SANDS USED--PRIMARY CROP
128
. = Missing data/No agriculture
53
0 = None/Absent
5
1 = Yes/Present
1365. CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS USED--PRIMARY CROP
124
. = Missing data/No agriculture
59
0 = None/Absent
3
1 = Yes/Present
1366. STAKES AND TRELLISES USED--PRIMARY CROP
137
. = Missing data/No agriculture
45
0 = None/Absent
4
1 = Yes/Present
HOUSEHOLD
DIVISION OF WORK 4
Candice Bradley. 1987. Women, Children and Work. Unpublished Ph.D.
dissertation. University of California, Irvine. UMI 8893611.
STDS69.DAT
Vars. 1367-1401 Household division of work 4
1367. ADULT LAND CLEARANCE--SECONDARY CROP
122
. = Missing data
26
0 = Activity not present
17
1 = Men Only
11
2 = Men Predominant
4
3 = Men and Women Equal
1
4 = Women Predominant
3
5 = Women Only
0
6 = Not an Adult Task
0
7 = Adult Task, No Data on Sex
1
8 = Men, No Data on Women
0
9 = Women, No Data on Men
1
10 = Slaves Only
1368. ADULT SOIL PREPARATION--SECONDARY CROP
125
. = Missing data
26
0 = Activity not present
13
1 = Men Only
8 2 = Men Predominant
3
3 = Men and Women Equal
4
4 = Women Predominant
5
5 = Women Only
0
6 = Not an Adult Task
0
7 = Adult Task, No Data on Sex
1
8 = Men, No Data on Women
0
9 = Women, No Data on Men
1
10 = Slaves Only
1369. ADULT PLANTING--SECONDARY CROP
127
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
7
1 = Men Only
1
2 = Men Predominant
8
3 = Men and Women Equal
6
4 = Women Predominant
9
5 = Women Only
0
6 = Not an Adult Task
0
7 = Adult Task, No Data on Sex
2
8 = Men, No Data on Women
0
9 = Women, No Data on Men
1
10 = Slaves Only
1370. ADULT CROP TENDING--SECONDARY CROP
125
. = Missing data
26
0 = Activity not present
6
1 = Men Only
2
2 = Men Predominant
9
3 = Men and Women Equal
6
4 = Women Predominant
10
5 = Women Only
0
6 = Not an Adult Task
0
7 = Adult Task, No Data on Sex
1
8 = Men, No Data on Women
0
9 = Women, No Data on Men
1
10 = Slaves Only
1371. ADULT HARVESTING--SECONDARY CROP
125
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
5 1 = Men Only
5
2 = Men Predominant
8
3 = Men and Women Equal
9
4 = Women Predominant
7
5 = Women Only
0
6 = Not an Adult Task
1
7 = Adult Task, No Data on Sex
0
8 = Men, No Data on Women
0
9 = Women, No Data on Men
1
10 = Slaves Only
1372. ADULT AGRICULTURAL TASK
UNSPECIFIED--SECONDARY CROP
147
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
1
1 = Men Only
3
2 = Men Predominant
4
3 = Men and Women Equal
2
4 = Women Predominant
2
5 = Women Only
0
6 = Not an Adult Task
1
7 = Adult Task, No Data on Sex
0
8 = Men, No Data on Women
0
9 = Women, No Data on Men
1
10 = Slaves Only
1373. ADULT OTHER AGRICULTURAL CHORES--SECONDARY
CROP
160
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
0
1 = Men Only
0
2 = Men Predominant
0
3 = Men and Women Equal
0
4 = Women Predominant
0
5 = Women Only
0
6 = Not an Adult Task
0
7 = Adult Task, No Data on Sex
0
8 = Men, No Data on Women
0
9 = Women, No Data on Men
1
10 = Slaves Only
1374. CHILD LAND CLEARANCE--SECONDARY CROP
135 . = Missing
data
26
0 = Activity not present
9
1 = Boys Only
1
2 = Boys Predominant
3
3 = Boys and Girls Equal
0
4 = Girls Predominant
3
5 = Girls Only
3
6 = Not a Child's Task
1 7 = Child Task, no
Data on Sex
1
8 = Boys, No Data on Girls
1
9 = Girls, No Data on Boys
1
10 = Slaves Only
1375. CHILD SOIL PREPARATION--SECONDARY CROP
136
. = Missing data
26
0 = Activity not present
7 1 = Boys Only
1
2 = Boys Predominant
3
3 = Boys and Girls Equal
0
4 = Girls Predominant
5
5 = Girls Only
2
6 = Not a Child's Task
3
7 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1
8 = Boys, No Data on Girls
1
9 = Girls, No Data on Boys
1
10 = Slaves Only
1376. CHILD PLANTING--SECONDARY CROP
138
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
3
1 = Boys Only
1
2 = Boys Predominant
6
3 = Boys and Girls Equal
1
4 = Girls Predominant
3
5 = Girls Only
2
6 = Not a Child's Task
4
7 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1
8 = Boys, No Data on Girls
1
9 = Girls, No Data on Boys
1
10 = Slaves Only
1377. CHILD CROP TENDING--SECONDARY CROP
132
. = Missing data
26
0 = Activity not present
3
1 = Boys Only
1
2 = Boys Predominant
10
3 = Boys and Girls Equal
2
4 = Girls Predominant
3
5 = Girls Only
3
6 = Not a Child's Task
3
7 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1
8 = Boys, No Data on Girls
1
9 = Girls, No Data on Boys
1
10 = Slaves Only
1378. CHILD CROP HARVESTING--SECONDARY CROP
134
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
5
1 = Boys Only
1
2 = Boys Predominant
6
3 = Boys and Girls Equal
2
4 = Girls Predominant
4
5 = Girls Only
1
6 = Not a Child's Task
6
7 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
8 = Boys, No Data on Girls
1
9 = Girls, No Data on Boys
1
10 = Slaves Only
1379. CHILD AGRICULTURAL TASK
UNSPECIFIED--SECONDARY CROP
147
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
1
1 = Boys Only
1
2 = Boys Predominant
4
3 = Boys and Girls Equal
1
4 = Girls Predominant
3
5 = Girls Only
0
6 = Not a Child's Task
2
7 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
8 = Boys, No Data on Girls
1
9 = Girls, No Data on Boys
1
10 = Slaves Only
1380. CHILD OTHER AGRICULTURAL CHORES--SECONDARY
CROP
160
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
0
1 = Boys Only
0
2 = Boys Predominant
0 3 = Boys and Girls Equal
0
4 = Girls Predominant
0
5 = Girls Only
0
6 = Not a Child's Task
0
7 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
0
8 = Boys, No Data on Girls
0
9 = Girls, No Data on Boys
1
10 = Slaves Only
1381. CHILDREN UNDER 6 CLEAR LAND--SECONDARY CROP
147
. = Missing data
39
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
0
2 = Girls this age
0
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1382. CHILDREN UNDER 6 SOIL PREPARATION--SECONDARY
CROP
147
. = Missing data
39
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
0
2 = Girls this age
0
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1383. CHILDREN UNDER 6 PLANTING--SECONDARY CROP
148
. = Missing data
38
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
0
2 = Girls this age
0
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1384. CHILDREN UNDER 6 CROP TENDING--SECONDARY
CROP
145
. = Missing data
39 0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
0
2 = Girls this age
2
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1385. CHILDREN UNDER 6 HARVESTING--SECONDARY CROP
149
. = Missing data
37
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
0
2 = Girls this age
0
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1386. CHILDREN UNDER 6 AGRICULTURAL TASKS
UNSPECIFIED--SECONDARY CROP
155
. = Missing data
31
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
0
2 = Girls this age
0
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1387. CHILDREN UNDER 6 OTHER AGRICULTURAL
CHORES--SECONDARY CROP
160
. = Missing data
26
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
0 2 = Girls this age
0
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1388. CHILDREN 6 TO 10 CLEAR LAND--SECONDARY CROP
146
. = Missing data
35
0 = Children this age do not do task
1
1 = Boys this age
0
2 = Girls this age
3
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1389. CHILDREN 6 TO 10 SOIL PREPARATION--SECONDARY
CROP
147 . = Missing data
31
0 = Children this age do not do task
2
1 = Boys this age
2
2 = Girls this age
3
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1390. CHILDREN 6 TO 10 PLANTING--SECONDARY CROP
148
. = Missing data
31
0 = Children this age do not do task
1
1 = Boys this age
1
2 = Girls this age
4
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1391. CHILDREN 6 TO 10 CROP TENDING--SECONDARY
CROP
147
. = Missing data
30
0 = Children this age do not do task
1
1 = Boys this age
1
2 = Girls this age
6
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1392. CHILDREN 6 TO 10 HARVESTING--SECONDARY CROP
149
. = Missing data
30
0 = Children this age do not do task
1
1 = Boys this age
1
2 = Girls this age
3
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
2
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1393. CHILDREN 6 TO 10 AGRICULTURAL TASKS
UNSPECIFIED--SECONDARY CROP
155
. = Missing data
27
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
0
2 = Girls this age
3
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1394. CHILDREN 6 TO 10 OTHER AGRICULTURAL CHORES--SECONDARY
CROP
160
. = Missing data
25
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
0
2 = Girls this age
1
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1395. CHILDREN OVER 10 CLEAR LAND--SECONDARY CROP
146
. = Missing data
26
0 = Children this age do not do task
8
1 = Boys this age
1
2 = Girls this age
4
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1396. CHILDREN OVER 10 SOIL PREPARATION--SECONDARY
CROP
147
. = Missing data
25
0 = Children this age do not do task
6
1 = Boys this age
3
2 = Girls this age
4
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1397. CHILDREN OVER 10 PLANTING--SECONDARY CROP
148
. = Missing data
25
0 = Children this age do not do task
3
1 = Boys this age
2
2 = Girls this age
7
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1398. CHILDREN OVER 10 CROP TENDING--SECONDARY
CROP
146
. = Missing data
26 0 = Children this age do not do task
3
1 = Boys this age
3
2 = Girls this age
7
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1399. CHILDREN OVER 10 HARVESTING--SECONDARY CROP
150
. = Missing data
25
0 = Children this age do not do task
4
1 = Boys this age
2
2 = Girls this age
4
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
1
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1400. CHILDREN OVER 10 AGRICULTURAL TASKS
UNSPECIFIED--SECONDARY CROP
156
. = Missing data
25
0 = Children this age do not do task
1
1 = Boys this age
1
2 = Girls this age
3
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
1401. CHILDREN OVER 10 OTHER AGRICULTURAL
CHORES--SECONDARY CROP
160
. = Missing data
25
0 = Children this age do not do task
0
1 = Boys this age
0 2 = Girls this age
1
3 = Boys and Girls this age
0
4 = Not a Child's Task
0
5 = Child Task, no Data on Sex
HOUSEHOLD
DIVISION OF WORK 5
Candice Bradley. 1987. Women, Children and Work. Unpublished Ph.D.
dissertation. University of California, Irvine. UMI 8893611.
STDS70.DAT
Vars. 1402-1437 Household division of work 5
1402. USES OF FRUITS OF LABOR--SECONDARY CROP
127
. = Missing data
25
0 = None (e.g.,Activity not present)
0 1 = Product
consumer is child only
28
2 = Product consumer is household or community
2
3 = Wage labor/product sold
3
4 = Household and wage labor or product sold
1
5 = 1 & 2 above
0
6 = All of above
1403. CHILDREN CLEAR LAND ALONE--SECONDARY CROP
142
. = Missing data
26
0 = Activity not present
1
1 = Yes, Children do this
17
2 = No, Children do not do this
1404. CHILDREN PREPARE SOIL ALONE--SECONDARY CROP
143
. = Missing data
26
0 = Activity not present
1
1 = Yes, Children do this
16
2 = No, Children do not do this
1405. CHILDREN PLANT ALONE--SECONDARY CROP
142
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
1 1 = Yes, Children do this
18
2 = No, Children do not do this
1406. CHILDREN TEND CROPS ALONE--SECONDARY CROP
140
. = Missing data
26
0 = Activity not present
1
1 = Yes, Children do this
19
2 = No, Children do not do this
1407. CHILDREN HARVEST ALONE--SECONDARY CROP
140
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
2
1 = Yes, Children do this
19
2 = No, Children do not do this
1408. CHILDREN DO UNSPECIFIED AGRICULTURAL TASKS
ALONE--SECONDARY CROP
147
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
1
1 = Yes, Children do this
13
2 = No, Children do not do this
1409. CHILDREN DO OTHER AGRICULTURAL CHORES
ALONE--SECONDARY CROP
157
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
1
1 = Yes, Children do this
3
2 = No, Children do not do this
1410. CHILDREN CLEAR LAND WITH OTHER
KIDS--SECONDARY CROP
141
. = Missing data
26
0 = Activity not present
5
1 = Yes, Children do this
14
2 = No, Children do not do this
1411. CHILDREN PREPARE SOIL WITH OTHER
KIDS--SECONDARY CROP
143
. = Missing data
26
0 = Activity not present
3
1 = Yes, Children do this
14
2 = No, Children do not do this
1412. CHILDREN PLANT WITH OTHER KIDS--SECONDARY
CROP
142
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
5
1 = Yes, Children do this
14
2 = No, Children do not do this
1413. CHILDREN TEND CROPS WITH OTHER
KIDS--SECONDARY CROP
140
. = Missing data
26
0 = Activity not present
9
1 = Yes, Children do this
11
2 = No, Children do not do this
1414. CHILDREN HARVEST WITH OTHER KIDS--SECONDARY
CROP
140
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
7
1 = Yes, Children do this
14
2 = No, Children do not do this
1415. CHILDREN DO UNSPECIFIED CHORES WITH OTHER
KIDS--SECONDARY CROP
149
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
4
1 = Yes, Children do this
8
2 = No, Children do not do this
1416. CHILDREN DO OTHER AGRICULTURAL CHORES WITH
OTHER KIDS--SECONDARY CROP
158
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
1
1 = Yes, Children do this
2
2 = No, Children do not do this
1417. CHILDREN CLEAR LAND WITH ADULTS--SECONDARY
CROP
142
. = Missing data
26
0 = Activity not present
14
1 = Yes, Children do this
4
2 = No, Children do not do this
1418. CHILDREN PREPARE SOIL WITH ADULTS--SECONDARY
CROP
143
. = Missing data
26
0 = Activity not present
14
1 = Yes, Children do this
3
2 = No, Children do not do this
1419. CHILDREN PLANT WITH ADULTS--SECONDARY CROP
142
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
15
1 = Yes, Children do this
4
2 = No, Children do not do this
1420. CHILDREN TEND CROPS WITH ADULTS--SECONDARY
CROP
140
. = Missing data
26 0 = Activity not present
13
1 = Yes, Children do this
7
2 = No, Children do not do this
1421. CHILDREN HARVEST WITH ADULTS--SECONDARY CROP
140
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
16
1 = Yes, Children do this
5
2 = No, Children do not do this
1422. CHILDREN DO UNSPECIFIED AGRICULTURAL TASKS
WITH ADULTS--SECONDARY CROP
150
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
7
1 = Yes, Children do this
4
2 = No, Children do not do this
1423. CHILDREN DO OTHER AGRICULTURAL CHORES WITH
ADULTS--SECONDARY CROP
160
. = Missing data
25
0 = Activity not present
0
1 = Yes, Children do this
1
2 = No, Children do not do this
1424. IMPORTANCE OF BOY CLEARING--SECONDARY CROP
150
. = Missing data
26
0 = Boys do not do this task
0
1 = The most important task for boys
10
2 = Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls
1425. IMPORTANCE OF BOY PREPARING SOIL--SECONDARY
CROP
150
. = Missing data
28
0 = Boys do not do this task
1
1 = The most important task for boys
7
2 = Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls
1426. IMPORTANCE OF BOY PLANTING--SECONDARY CROP
148
. = Missing data
27
0 = Boys do not do this task
0
1 = The most important task for boys
9
2 = Boys commonly do the task,
but not their most important
2
3 = Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls
1427. IMPORTANCE OF BOY TENDING CROPS--SECONDARY
CROP
148
. = Missing data
27
0 = Boys do not do this task
0
1 = The most important task for boys
10
2 = Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important
1
3 = Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls
1428. IMPORTANCE OF BOY HARVESTING--SECONDARY CROP
145
. = Missing data
27 0 = Boys do not do this task
0
1 = The most important task for boys
13
2 = Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important
1
3 = Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls
1429. IMPORTANCE OF BOY UNSPECIFIED AGRICULTURAL
TASKS--SECONDARY CROP
154
. = Missing data
26
0 = Boys do not do this task
1
1 = The most important task for boys
5
2 = Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls
1430. IMPORTANCE OF BOY OTHER AGRICULTURAL
CHORES--SECONDARY CROP
160
. = Missing data
25
0 = Boys do not do this task
0
1 = The most important task for boys
1
2 = Boys commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Boys rarely do, or usually done by girls
1431. IMPORTANCE OF GIRL CLEARING--SECONDARY CROP
148
. = Missing data
30
0 = Girls do not do this task
0
1 = The most important task for girls
8
2 = Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Girls rarely do, or usually done by girls
1432. IMPORTANCE OF GIRL PREPARING SOIL--SECONDARY
CROP
150
. = Missing data
27
0 = Girls do not do this task
0
1 = The most important task for girls
9
2 = Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Girls rarely do, or usually done by girls
1433. IMPORTANCE OF GIRL PLANTING--SECONDARY CROP
147
. = Missing data
27 0 = Girls do not do this
task
0
1 = The most important task for girls
11
2 = Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important
1
3 = Girls rarely do, or usually done by girls
1434. IMPORTANCE OF GIRL TENDING CROPS--SECONDARY
CROP
147
. = Missing data
27
0 = Girls do not do this task
1
1 = The most important task for girls
11
2 = Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Girls rarely do, or usually done by girls
1435. IMPORTANCE OF GIRL HARVESTING--SECONDARY
CROP
144
. = Missing data
28
0 = Girls do not do this task
1
1 = The most important task for girls
13
2 = Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Girls rarely do, or usually done by girls
1436. IMPORTANCE OF GIRL UNSPECIFIED AGRICULTURAL
TASKS--SECONDARY CROP
151
. = Missing data
26
0 = Girls do not do this task
1
1 = The most important task for girls
8
2 = Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Girls rarely do, or usually done by girls
1437. IMPORTANCE OF GIRL OTHER AGRICULTURAL
CHORES--SECONDARY CROP
160
. = Missing data
25
0 = Girls do not do this task
0
1 = The most important task for girls
1
2 = Girls commonly do the task, but not their most important
0
3 = Girls rarely do, or usually done by girls
HOUSEHOLD
DIVISION OF WORK 6
Candice Bradley. 1987. Women, Children and Work. Unpublished Ph.D.
dissertation. University of California, Irvine. UMI 8893611.
STDS71.DAT
Vars. 1438-1462 Household division of work 6
1438. ADULT PREFERENCE IN LAND CLEARING--SECONDARY
CROP
125
. = Missing data
29
0 = None (e.g.,Activity not
present)
31
1 = Common or important adult task
0
2 = Not preferred by adults, considered child's task
1
3 = Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
1439. ADULT PREFERENCE IN SOIL PREPARATION--SECONDARY
CROP
126
. = Missing data
29
0 = None (e.g.,Activity not present)
30
1 = Common or important adult task
0
2 = Not preferred by adults, considered child's task
1
3 = Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
1440. ADULT PREFERENCE IN PLANTING--SECONDARY CROP
128
. = Missing data
28
0 = None (e.g.,Activity not present)
29
1 = Common or important adult task
0
2 = Not preferred by adults, considered child's task
1
3 = Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
1441. ADULT PREFERENCE IN CROP TENDING--SECONDARY
CROP
128
. = Missing data
29
0 = None (e.g.,Activity not present)
26
1 = Common or important adult task
2
2 = Not preferred by adults, considered child's task
1
3 = Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
1442. ADULT PREFERENCE IN HARVESTING--SECONDARY
CROP
127
. = Missing data
28
0 = None (e.g.,Activity not present)
30
1 = Common or important adult task
0
2 = Not preferred by adults, considered child's task
1
3 = Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
1443. ADULT PREFERENCE IN UNSPECIFIED AGRICULTURAL
TASKS--SECONDARY CROP
146
. = Missing data
28
0 = None (e.g.,Activity not present)
12
1 = Common or important adult task
0
2 = Not preferred by adults, considered child's task
0
3 = Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
1444. ADULT PREFERENCE IN OTHER AGRICULTURAL
CHORES--SECONDARY CROP
156
. = Missing data
28
0 = None (e.g.,Activity not present)
2
1 = Common or important adult task
0
2 = Not preferred by adults, considered child's task
0
3 = Usually adult task; kids do only if suitable adult absent
1445. SECONDARY CROP NAME
107
. = Missing data
28
0 = No agriculture
3
1 = Barley
7
2 = Maize
4
3 = Millet
3
4 = Dry rice
0
5 = Wet rice
0
6 = Sorghum
1
7 = Wheat
1
8 = Buckwheat
2
11 = Groundnut
4
12 = Beans
0
13 = Breadfruit
3
14 = Cassava
3
15 = Potato
1
16 = Sweet potato
0
17 = Squashes
6
18 = Taro
3
19 = Yams
0
20 = Bananas
2
21 = Plantains
1
22 = Dates
0
23 = Mango
1
24 = Other fruit trees
0
31 = Coconut
0
32 = Peanut
1
41 = Cocoa
1
42 = Cotton
0
43 = Sesame
1
44 = Sugarcane
1
45 = Cardamum
1
46 = Tobacco
1
47 = Rubber
0
51 = Animal fodder
1446. OTHER SECONDARY CROP NAME
115
. = Missing data
57
0 = No agriculture
0
1 = Barley
0
2 = Maize
0
3 = Millet
0
4 = Dry rice
1
5 = Wet rice
3
6 = Sorghum
1
7 = Wheat
0
8 = Buckwheat
0
11 = Groundnut
0
12 = Beans
1
13 = Breadfruit
0
14 = Cassava
0
15 = Potato
0
16 = Sweet potato
4
17 = Squashes
1
18 = Taro
1
19 = Yams
0
20 = Bananas
1
21 = Plantains
0
22 = Dates
1
23 = Mango
0
24 = Other fruit trees
0
31 = Coconut
0
32 = Peanut
0
41 = Cocoa
0
42 = Cotton
0
43 = Sesame
0
44 = Sugarcane
0
45 = Cardamum
0
46 = Tobacco
0
47 = Rubber
0
51 = Animal fodder
1447. IRRIGATION USED--SECONDARY CROP
118
. = Missing data/No agriculture
53
0 = None/Absent
15
1 = Yes/Present
1448. HAND PLOW USED--SECONDARY CROP
116
. = Missing data/No agriculture
67
0 = None/Absent
3
1 = Yes/Present
1449. ANIMAL PLOW USED--SECONDARY CROP
117
. = Missing data/No agriculture
58
0 = None/Absent
11
1 = Yes/Present